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Planning Document Second Rough Draft
Southern New Hampshire University
SCI-200: Applied Natural Sciences
November 26, 2023
2
Planning Document Second Rough Draft
My issue:
Ocean acidification is a complex process that has severe implications for our planet. It occurs
when carbon dioxide is absorbed by seawater, which then reacts with water molecules to form
carbonic acid. This reaction leads to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions in the
ocean, making it difficult for marine organisms such as corals, mollusks, and plankton to form
their shells and skeletons(Ocean Acidification, n.d). The reduction in carbonate ions has a ripple
effect throughout the entire marine ecosystem. This is because these organisms are the
foundation of the ocean's food chain. If they are unable to form their shells and skeletons, they
become more vulnerable to predation and are unable to provide food for larger organisms. As a
result, the entire food chain is disrupted, and entire ecosystems can collapse.
Ocean acidification is primarily caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels,
deforestation, and industrial processes. As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
continues to increase, so does the absorption of this gas by seawater, leading to a further decrease
in pH levels. Given the severity of the problem, we must take steps to mitigate the effects of
ocean acidification. This could include reducing carbon emissions, investing in renewable energy
sources, and promoting sustainable practices. By taking action now, we can help preserve the
health and biodiversity of our oceans for generations to come.
My question:
As carbon dioxide continues to be absorbed from the atmosphere and the ocean becomes
increasingly acidic, the impact on marine wildlife and human communities who depend on the
ocean is a growing concern. What are the potential consequences for these vulnerable
populations?
3
My science resources:
1. My first source is titled "Effects of the ocean acidification on the functional structure of coral
reef nematodes."
For my research, I have selected a study that performed a mesocosm experiment to examine the
impact of seawater acidification on phytal nematofauna. The study involved obtaining
standardized samples using artificial substrate units, which were then exposed to varying levels
of seawater acidification (Esteves et al., 2022). The researchers analyzed the phytal nematofauna
response to these changes and drew insightful conclusions based on their findings (Esteves et al.,
2022). The article's authors are highly credible, with extensive experience and knowledge in the
field. The article provides valuable information regarding the effects of seawater acidification on
phytal nematofauna and can serve as a significant reference source for future studies. Compared
to other references, this source stands out due to its detailed analysis, comprehensive
methodology, and accurate findings.
2. My second source is titled "The other carbon-dioxide problem; Ocean acidification."
While researching, I stumbled upon a fascinating source that delves into ocean acidification and
its relationship with carbon dioxide. The source captured my attention by providing a
comprehensive and in-depth explanation of the chemical changes that occur in the ocean as it
becomes more acidic. It is an excellent read that covers a wide range of information, including
the various risks and consequences that marine creatures face due to ocean acidification (The
Economist, 2010). The source emphasizes how these consequences can have a significant impact
on human life as well. What I found particularly impressive about this source is that it was
published by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which ensures that information has been
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4
rigorously tested and peer-reviewed for accuracy. This source stands out from my other
references due to its focus on the impact of ocean acidification and proposed solutions rather
than presenting general facts and carbon dioxide information. The in-depth analysis of the effects
of ocean acidification and its potential solutions makes it an invaluable resource for those
seeking a comprehensive understanding of this complex issue.
3. My third source is titled " Ocean acidification impacts on coral reefs: From sciences to
solutions."
I selected this particular source because it provides in-depth insights into the effects of ocean
acidification on coral reefs. It is crucial to understand this topic comprehensively, as it plays a
significant role in my research on ocean acidification. Coral reefs are essential to marine
ecosystems and the economies of certain coastal countries (Allemand & Osborn 2019). They
serve as a natural habitat for many aquatic species, and their gradual degradation due to ocean
acidification is a matter of concern. This source sheds light on the complex mechanisms that
drive ocean acidification and how they impact coral reefs. It also delves into the economic
implications of the loss of coral reefs, such as the impact on tourism and fishing industries in
coastal regions (Allemand & Osborn, 2019). The authors of this academic journal are credible.
Allemand specializes in marine organism physiology, especially reef-building corals, while
Osborn is the Director of Environment Laboratories at IAEA, focusing on core environmental
issues. The article provides detailed insights into the specific effects of ocean acidification on
marine ecosystems, as opposed to my other two sources that offer more general information on
acidification and its management.
My audience and message:
5
As an ocean acidification researcher, I am eager to share my findings on this critical topic with
an audience at an educational seminar. Specifically, this audience would be interested in learning
about the environmental impacts of ocean acidification and how it affects marine ecosystems.
However, I recognize that not all attendees may have a solid scientific background, so it is
important to provide context and detail on the causes and effects of ocean acidification and
potential solutions to address it. I will present the information clearly and concisely. To
accomplish this, I will provide an overview of ocean acidification, briefly explaining how it
occurs and its impacts on marine life. I will also highlight the most recent research and findings
related to this topic, specifically emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue and the
potential consequences if we fail to act. In addition, I will provide examples and case studies of
successful initiatives and programs that have been implemented to help mitigate the effects of
ocean acidification. By doing so, I hope to inspire and motivate attendees to take action and
become advocates for positive change in their local communities.
Identify principles:
My research has revealed that releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has increased ocean
acidity, which has severe consequences for marine life (Murphy & Raisman, 2013). This process,
known as ocean acidification, occurs when carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, forming
carbonic acid (Murphy & Raisman, 2013). As a result, the pH level of the ocean decreases,
making it more acidic. This can negatively impact marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, by
inhibiting the growth and reproduction of organisms vital to their survival. Furthermore, it can
have far-reaching consequences for human populations that rely on the ocean for food and
livelihood.
6
Explain principles:
My investigation has uncovered a crucial link between the increased carbon dioxide emissions
and the rising ocean acidity levels. This phenomenon, widely recognized as ocean acidification,
results from carbon dioxide dissolving in seawater and forming carbonic acid (Murphy &
Raisman, 2013). The ocean's pH level decreases, rendering it more acidic, leading to severe
consequences for marine life. The delicate balance of marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, is
disrupted, and the growth and reproduction of organisms vital to their survival are inhibited
(Murphy & Raisman, 2013). These changes can affect people relying on the ocean for sustenance
and livelihood. My research findings demonstrate the harmful effects of carbon dioxide on the
ocean, which is of utmost importance to address.
My experimental question and hypothesis:
I plan to conduct experimental research to examine the link between carbon emissions and ocean
acidification. Specifically, I will investigate the question, "Can reducing carbon emissions help
mitigate the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life?" Through this research, I hope to
contribute to our understanding of this critical issue and identify potential solutions to protect our
oceans and the life it supports. Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere is absorbed by seawater, leading to a reduction in pH levels (Esteves et al., 2022).
This process may have dire consequences for marine life, including the inability of some
organisms to form shells (Esteves et al., 2022). While reducing carbon emissions is one potential
solution to this problem, its effectiveness is still being studied. To further our understanding of
this critical issue, I intend to conduct experimental research to explore the relationship between
carbon emissions and ocean acidification (Esteves et al., 2022). Specifically, I will investigate
whether reducing carbon emissions can help mitigate the impact of ocean acidification on marine
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7
life. The findings from this research will help identify potential solutions to protect our oceans
and the life they support.
My explanation:
To better understand the impact of carbon emissions on ocean acidification, scientists use
complex computer models that simulate different scenarios (Montero et al., 2022). These models
consider various factors, including the amount and type of emissions, ocean currents, and the
impact of other environmental variables such as temperature and salinity. Using these models,
scientists can predict the potential long-term effects of carbon emissions on ocean acidity levels.
For example, they can estimate how quickly pH levels might change in different ocean parts
under different emissions scenarios and how these changes might impact marine ecosystems.
This information can help policymakers make informed decisions and take action to mitigate the
negative impact of human activity on our oceans. For example, policies might be implemented to
reduce carbon emissions from industrial processes or transportation.
8
References
Esteves, A. M., De Souza, T. P., Da Cunha Sarmento, V., Maria, T. F., & Santos, P. J. P. D.
(2022). Effects of the ocean acidification on the functional structure of coral reef
nematodes.
Coral Reefs
,
41
(5), 1481–1494.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02296-x
Montero, M. M., Crucifix, M., Couplet, V., Brede, N., & Botta, N. (2022). SURFER v2.0: a
flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO
2
emissions and solar radiation
modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise.
Geoscientific Model
Development
,
15
(21), 8059–8084.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8059-2022
The other carbon-dioxide problem; Ocean acidification. (2010, July 3).
The
Economist
,
396
(8689), 76(US).
https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/A230274165/STND?u=nhc_main&sid=ebsco&xid=d5c4fd20
Allemand, D., & Osborn, D. (2019). Ocean acidification impacts on coral reefs: From sciences to
solutions.
Regional Studies in Marine Science
,
28
,
100558.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100558
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