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Speaking Notes Draft
Southern New Hampshire University
SCI-200: Applied Natural Sciences
December 10, 2023
2
Speaking Notes Draft
My topic’s scientific background:
Ocean acidification is related to natural sciences because it is a scientific phenomenon in which
the pH level of the ocean decreases due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
This process negatively affects marine ecosystems and the growth and survival of marine
organisms such as coral, plankton, and shellfish (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011). As a result, ocean
acidification is an important research topic in the natural sciences, particularly in chemistry,
biology, and environmental science. Scientists study the causes and consequences of ocean
acidification to understand how it affects the oceans and its inhabitants and develop strategies to
mitigate its potential impacts (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011).
Impact on my audience:
It's important to understand the impact of ocean acidification on our planet. This process leads to
a decrease in the ocean's pH level, making it more acidic. Such changes in acidity can have
severe consequences for marine life, affecting their ability to form shells and skeletons (Gattuso
& Hansson, 2011). Given that the ocean covers more than 70% of the earth's surface, the effects
of ocean acidification could be far-reaching (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011). The ocean is home to
many species that are essential for human survival, and fish are a vital source of food for millions
of people worldwide.
Moreover, the ocean plays a significant role in regulating the earth's climate, absorbing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere, and releasing oxygen (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011). As such, it is
vital to care about the effects of ocean acidification and take measures to mitigate its impact. We
must work towards reducing carbon emissions to slow ocean acidification and protect our
planet's vital ecosystems.
3
My empirical evidence:
The chemical composition of seawater, particularly the amount of carbonate present, can
significantly impact marine organisms. Changes in this chemistry can lead to an
imbalance in the acid-base status of these organisms, which can have a wide range of
effects on their health and survival (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011).
The continuous release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere has caused a
significant increase in its concentration levels. Over the years, the concentration of
atmospheric CO2 has risen from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) to 380 ppm
(Esteves et al., 2022). This increase is a major cause of concern as it contributes to global
warming and climate change, which have far-reaching consequences for the planet.
The ocean surface water then absorbs approximately 30% of this CO2 (Esteves et al.,
2022). This absorption has led to a decrease in the pH of the ocean water, making it more
acidic than it was in pre-industrial times. The pH levels have already dropped by 0.1 units
(Esteves et al., 2022). This increase in acidity can cause harm to marine ecosystems and
creatures, which can have ripple effects throughout the food chain and ultimately impact
human societies (Esteves et al., 2022).
Why this issue is important to me personally:
The problem of ocean acidification concerns me greatly because it directly impacts the fragile
balance of marine ecosystems (Gattuso & Hansson, 2011). Human activities release carbon
dioxide into the ocean, which causes the water to become more acidic (Gattuso & Hansson,
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2011). This acidity harms the growth and survival of marine organisms. This issue threatens the
diversity of the ocean and has far-reaching consequences for human health and the economy, as
many communities rely on ocean resources for food and income. As an individual who cares
deeply about the welfare of our planet and the life it sustains, the problem of ocean acidification
is of utmost significance to me. The increasing acidity of our oceans poses a severe threat to the
fragile balance of marine ecosystems, and we must address this problem before it's too late.
Impact on my thinking:
When I first began researching ocean acidification, I felt overwhelmed by the complexity of the
subject matter. However, my curiosity drove me to delve deeper into the topic, and I spent the
next seven weeks poring over scientific literature and studies related to the issue. As I dug
deeper, I began to grasp the intricacies of how rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
alter the chemistry of our oceans and the far-reaching consequences this could have on marine
ecosystems (Esteves et al., 2022). Through my research, I have gained a newfound appreciation
for the urgent need to address this critical environmental issue. When I first started researching
the topic of ocean acidification, I needed to gain more knowledge of the subject. Now, after
researching this topic for the past seven weeks from a Scientist's point of view, I have a much
greater understanding of exactly what ocean acidification is all about.
5
References:
Esteves, A. M., De Souza, T. P., Da Cunha Sarmento, V., Maria, T. F., & Santos, P. J. P. D.
(2022). Effects of the ocean acidification on the functional structure of coral reef
nematodes.
Coral Reefs
,
41
(5), 1481–1494.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02296-x
Pierre Gattuso, & Hansson. (2011, September).
Ocean Acidification
. Oxford [England]: OUP
Oxford.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199591091.001.0001
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Related Questions
Which of these statements correctly explains the effects of the ocean acidification on marine animal shell formation?
1. Increased levels of hydrogen ion in seawater decrease pH of seawater but have no effect on the shell formation of marine organisms.
2. Increased levels of hydrogen ions in seawater combine with carbonate ions that would have been used by marine organisms to make their shells resulting in deformed shells.
3. Increased levels of hydrogen ions in seawater combine with carbonate ions and therefore help in making stronger shells of marine organisms.
4. None of these.
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acid
base
Bo
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name
formula
name
formula
acetic acid HCH,CO, 1.8 × 10
-,
methylamine CH;NH, 4.4 x 10
-4
HNO,
4.5 x 10 4
ethylamine C,H,NH, 6.4 x 10 *
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nitrous acid
Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have t
the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
solution
pH
0.1 M CH3NH3CI
choose one v
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choose one v
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choose one v
Explanation
Check
O 2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. T
回 0中g
W
DELL
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Express your answer numerically using two decimal places.
• View Available Hint(s)
pH =
Submit
Part E
Calculate the pH of a 0.10 mol L-1 solution of hypochlorous acid, HOCI. Ka of HOCI is 3.5 × 108.
Express your answer numerically using two decimal places.
• View Available Hint(s)
?
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Determine the concentration of all species and the pH of the following solutions:
H2CO3 0.10 mol/L [Answer; pH=3.67];
Na2CO3 0.10 mol/L [Answer; pH=11.67];
H3PO4 0.10 mol/L [Answer; pH=1.64];
Na3PO4 0.10 mol/L [Answer; pH=12.69]
(Gives: carbonic acid, Ka1 = 4.47 x 10 -7, Ka2 = 4.68 x 10 -11
: carbonic acid, Ka1 = 4.47 x 10 -7, Ka2 = 4.68 x 10 -11 , Ka3 = 2,14 x 10 -13)
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acid
base
K.
K3
name
formula
name
formula
HNO2
-4
nitrous acid
4.5 x 10
NH3
1.8 × 10
ammonia
acetic acid HCH;CO, 1.8 × 10
aniline CH;NH, 4.3 x 10-10
Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to
the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
solution
pH
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choose one v
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choose one v
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Provide your answer to two decimal places and without units. Avoid using scientific notation.
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acid
base
Bo
K.
name
formula
name
formula
HNO2 |4.5 x 10
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-4
nitrous acid
ethylamine C2H5NH, 6.4 x 10
hydrofluoric acid
HF
- 4
6.8 × 10
hydroxylamine HONH, |1.1 × 10
8.
Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to
the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
solution
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0.1 М HONHзBr
choose one v
0.1 M C2H5NH3CI
choose one v
0.1 M NaI
choose one v
0.1 M NaF
choose one v
?
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Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases:
name
hypochlorous acid
nitrous acid
acid
solution
0.1 M CH3NH3Cl
0.1 M KNO3
0.1 M KCIO
0.1 M NaNO2
formula
Ka
HCIO
3.0 × 10
HNO₂ 4.5 x 107
Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to
the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
X
pH
-8
choose one ✓
choose one
choose one ✓
choose one
Ś
base
K₂
formula
methylamine CH3NH₂ 4.4 × 10 4
ammonia NH3
name
1.8 × 10 5
-5
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Answer
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Keypad
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I Review | Constants | Periodic Table
Learning Goal:
Part A
To calculate pH and use it as a measure of acidity.
The pH expresses the molar concentration of hydronium ions in an
aqueous solution on a logarithmic scale:
What is the pH of an aqueous solution with [H30+] =2x10-14 M?
Express the pH numerically using one decimal place.
pH = -log[H3O+]
• View Available Hint(s)
[H3O+] = 10-pH
As pH decreases, acidity increases. As pH increases, acidity
decreases.
• Acidic solution: pH 7
pH =
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Express your answer with the appropriate units.
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Over the past 250 years, the average upper-ocean pH near the Pacific Northwest has decreased by about 0.1 units, from about 8.2 to 8.1. This drop in pH corresponds to an increase in acidity of about 30%. When CO2 levels in seawater rise, the availability of carbonate ion, CO32−, makes it more difficult for marine organisms to build and maintain shells and other body parts from calcium carbonate.
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name
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nitrous acid
hypochlorous acid
HC1O
3.0 x 10-8
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*( Picture inserted below)
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