CHG4116 F2023 -Final Exam VS

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University of Ottawa *

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4116

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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15

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genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca Information about Final Exam Boguslaw Kruczek Fall 2023 CHG4116 – C HEMICAL E NGINEERING L ABORATORY
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca G ENERAL INFORMATION CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2023 2 1. The open-book online Exam on will be in person on Thursday, December 14, 2023, at 2 – 5 pm in MRT 218 (65 University). 2. The Exam will be a “personalized exam” 3. The exam will be comprised of two sections according to the lab projects that you performed . 4. Each section in the Exam will have four groups of questions, each worth a total of 10 points, except for section c) worth 20 points: a) Understanding of Process Flow Diagram and operation of the system b) General knowledge related to the lab project c) Numerical question d) Understanding of the expected trends
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca G ENERAL INFORMATION CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2023 3 4. Final Exam continued… The questions within groups a), b) and d) will require: short answers; selecting the right answer (multiple choice). The question in group c) will require a calculator and may or may not require some drawing. You will be answering the question in the provided space. There will be no exam booklet. 5. Maximum points on the Final Exam: 50 + 50 = 100
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genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM PREVIOUS FINAL EXAMS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 4
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 1 – E XAMPLE : A RTIFICIAL L UNG ( OLD S YSTEM ) CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 5 AL. 1 Understanding of the system a) In the PFD below, you will find different elements/parts of the system, numbered from 1 to 18. Nine of these parts/elements are mistakes, and nine are not. Please identify the numbers associated with the mistakes and briefly explain what is wrong (9 points) . b) The pressures of the gas (oxygen) and liquid (water) were controlled independently. Which of these pressures was higher? (1 point)
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 2 – S HORT A NSWER QUESTIONS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 6 AB. 2 a) What is the function of packing in an absorption column? (2 points) b) If you could measure the absorption columns' temperature, would you observe any temperature change in the experiments with a dilute NaOH solution? (2 points) AL. 2 a) List the three major advantages of membrane-based absorption compared to conventional absorption. (3 points) b) Select the correct responses: ( 2 points ) i) What was the membrane material used in your experiments? Polyurethane / Polypropylene / PTFE ii) In your experiments in this lab, the pores were: Gas-filled / Absorbent-filled
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genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 2 – S HORT A NSWER QUESTIONS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 7 Di. 2 a) To make a condenser the additional equilibrium stage, would you increase or decrease the condenser duty? Explain. (2 points) b) For a given feed condition, how does the reflux ratio affect the slope of the operating line in the stripping section? (2 points) FF. 2 a) List at least two major operating challenges (there are more than 2) in falling film evaporators. (2 points) b) Name two possible performance indicators for the falling film evaporator system.: ( 2 points )
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 2 – S HORT A NSWER QUESTIONS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 8 FC. 2 a) What are the Ohmic losses, and what elements of fuel cells contribute to them? (2 points) b) Apart from the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, name at least two other types of fuel cells . (2 points) KD. 2 a) In your lab, you could send urea solution either to tube or shell-side of the membrane module. In the case of the actual dialysis, where is the penitent’s blood sent and why? (2 points) b) In principle, dialysis is performed with no pressure gradient across the membrane. However, sometimes, the dialysis might be performed with a dialysance at slightly higher pressure than the patient’s blood feed. Explain the situation when that happens and the reason for an elevated dialysance pressure ( 3 points )
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 2 – S HORT A NSWER QUESTIONS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 9 Fi. 2 a) In constant-rate filtration, there is a linear relationship between the volume of filtrate and the pressure drop. What is the equivalent linear relationship in constant-pressure filtration? (2 points) b) List at least two assumptions required for Darcy’s law to be applied to describe the water transport through the cake. (2 points) MS. 2 a) Although reverse osmosis (RO) requires higher operating pressure than nanofiltration (NF), the water flux in RO is smaller than the NF water flux. Why? (1 point) b) Please provide an example of the application of RO membranes. ( 1 point ) c) The RO and NF membrane modules had spiral wound membranes. Please explain what the spiral wound membrane is? You may, but you don't have to make a simple drawing. (2 points)
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genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 2 – S HORT A NSWER QUESTIONS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 10 PC. 2 a) What is the main downside of using a proportional only controller? (1 point) b) Give an industrial example of when you would prefer a slow but accurate response with little overshoot. (2 points) RK. 2 a) A second-order reaction can be carried out either in CSTR or in PFR. If both reactors have the same volume, which one would you choose to maximize the conversion? Justify your answer. (2 points) b) Increasing mixing intensity in a CSTR often leads to an increase in conversion of the chemical reaction. Why? ( 2 points )
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 4 – E XPECTED TRENDS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 11 Ab. 4 For the absorption of CO2 from air into water, state the effect of the following parameters on the mole fraction of CO2 (y1) in the gas stream leaving the column (assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged), and briefly state the reason. a) The flow rate of the gas mixture entering the column decreases. (2 points) b) The flow rate of the liquid stream entering the column increases. ( 2 points) AL. 4 Referring to the existing system in D415, in which the gas phase was oxygen and the liquid phase was water, state the effect of the following parameters on the flux of O2 to the liquid stream (assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged), and briefly state the reason. Please note that sometimes two opposite effects might exist, and the net effect might not be apparent. a) The oxygen stream is replaced by the airstream at the same pressure. (2 points) b) The pressure of the liquid is increased but remains lower than the breakthrough pressure. (2 points)
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 4 – E XPECTED TRENDS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 12 Di. 4 Consider a distillation column (11 trays), similar to the one in D415, where the liquid's temperature in the reboiler, the feed rate, and the reflux ratio are controlled at given setpoints. The feed enters the column at the 5th tray. The assumptions of the McCabe-Thiele analysis apply, and the efficiency of all tray is 100%. The liquid levels in the reflux drum and reboiler are maintained by controlling the bottoms and distillate flow rates. The feed to the column is a saturated liquid methanol-water solution with a methanol concentration of 10 wt%. The column is operating at a steady-state. a) The reboiler duty is increased while the distillate purity and the feed rate are held constant, and the column is allowed to re-attain a steady state. What is the effect on the following parameters? Choose the correct answer. 2 points) i) The reflux ratio. (decreased / no change / increased) ii) The temperature of the liquid in the reboiler (decreased / no change / increased) FF. 4 Steam economy is defined as the ratio of steam evaporated to steam condensed. State the effect of the following process changes on the steam economy (assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged), and briefly state the reason. a) The pressure at the steam side increases. (2 points) b) The steam entering the evaporator is superheated rather than saturated. (2 points)
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genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 4 – E XPECTED TRENDS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 13 FC. 4 For a PEM fuel cell with hydrogen as fuel and air as the oxidant at the respective flow rates such that the stoichiometric ratio of H2:O2 is maintained, state the effect of the following parameters on the cell voltage (assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged), and briefly state the reason. Please note that sometimes the effect might not be apparent as two opposite phenomena might occur.: a) Air is replaced by pure oxygen while the stoichiometric ratio of H2:O2 is maintained. (2 points) c) A thicker membrane is used. (2 points) KD. 4 a) For negligible ultrafiltration, indicate the effect of the following parameters (increases I, decreases D, no change NC) on the extraction ratio (E). i) As the flow rate of feed increases, the extraction ratio: I / D / NC (1 point) b) True or false questions i) For solute A to generate the osmotic pressure across, the membrane must be at least partly reject the solute - (true) or (false) (1 point)
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 4 – E XPECTED TRENDS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 14 Fi. 4 a) State the effect of the following process changes on productivity/purity/rate of pressure increase (assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged), and briefly state the reason. : i) An increase in the particle size distribution of solids in slurry (the average particle size is the same) on the productivity of constant-pressure filtration (2 points) ii) A decrease in the average pore size of the filter on the productivity of constant-pressure filtration (2 points) MS. 4 a) For RO and NF processes, if the feed pressure decreases, the salt rejection should (1 point) : i) increase; ii) not change; iii) decrease b) For RO and NF processes, if the feed pressure increases and the concentration polarization is not negligible, the water permeability (permeance) should (1 point): i) increase; ii) no change; iii) decrease
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca S ECTION 4 – E XPECTED TRENDS CHG4116: Chemical Engineering Laboratory - © Boguslaw Kruczek, 2021 15 PC. 4 a) A PID controller can be expressed in the following manner: where: e ( t ) is the current error, K c is the controller gain, τ I is the integral time, τ D is the derivative time In the following questions, one of the tuning parameters changes while others remain unchanged. Choose the correct answer. No justification is required. i) τ D increases the rise time : I / D / NC (1 point) ii) As τ I increases the settling time: I / D / NC (1 point) iii) τ D increases the overshoot: I / D / NC (1 point) RK. 4 a) A reaction occurs in a single PFR of 10 m 3 in volume, achieving 50% conversion. What would be the conversion if the flow is split between two 5 m 3 PFR (in series)? (1 point) i. X>50% ii. X<50% iii. X=50% iv. Not enough information b) What is the effect of the volumetric flow rate of reactants into a CSTR on the reaction conversion? (2 points) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 t C C C D I d e t K Controller Output Offset K e t e u du K d t τ τ = + + +
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