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Vroom's Model of Expectancy Theory
Vroom's expectation theory states that conduct is the result of conscious choices made between possibilities with the intention of maximizing pleasure and reducing pain. Vroom acknowledged that a worker's personality, aptitude, education, experience, and talents are only a few of the human characteristics that affect their performance.
Expectation theory, which emphasizes high performance, anticipated results, and desirable outcomes, splits decision-making into valence, instrumentality, and expectation. Our chance of reaching our goals and our desire for them affect our motivation.
Expectancy is the conviction that performance will succeed based on whether the intended job is completed. Whether obtaining the intended result will result in the desired reward
is a critical component of instrumentality, which centers on the idea that effective performance will be rewarded. The value or beauty a person attaches to performance-related incentives is valence.
Although it is widely accepted that a company's most valuable asset is its workforce, developmental human resource development also emphasizes ensuring employees feel valued and benefit from the additional training and development they have received. Apart from education and training, the developmental human resource development (HRD) approach emphasizes employee fulfillment, self-actualization, and the potential for human agency during the learning process (Kopp, 2014, ch. 1.4). According to the developmental HRD perspective, the quality of their education significantly impacts a learner's performance.
