chapter 8 Flashcards _ Quizlet

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12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 1/9 Try the fastest way to create flashcards chapter 8 28 studiers recently Leave the first rating Students also viewed Terms in this set (137) Others also viewed these textbooks Search for a textbook or question Human Resource Management 15th Edition • ISBN: 9781337520164 John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine 249 solutions Chapter 10 - Pearson Mastering Teacher 31 terms w213522123 Preview Protein Synthesis 5 terms Sandra_Genis Preview Genetics Homework Biology 17 terms tanycastle Preview BIO 212 Fina 123 terms Autumn_ P Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages in which the lagging strand is synthesized. Drag the correct labels onto the nucleotides in the RNA transcript. Not all labels will be used. In the following activity, place the products in the order in which they appear in the Central Dogma. DNA, mRNA, protein

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 2/9 Which of the following represents a change in reading frame if the template strand of DNA reads as follows? AGCTGGACTTTAGACAAG AGCTGCGACTTTAGACAAG Which of the following represents an inducible operon? the production of enzymes that allow for the fermentation of the sugar lactose when it becomes available in the culture medium Submit Why wouldn't a bacterium express the lactose catabolism genes all of the time? It would waste energy and resources to express lactose catabolism genes all of the time (constitutively) because lactose is not always preferred. Which of the following scenarios is NOT an application for microbial genetics? Grocery stores are now selling fruits that have been irradiated to prevent the growth of fungi. Drag the correct labels under the diagrams to identify the events of RNA processing. Which of the following events occurs during transcription? A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. The site of translation is ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm Which one of the following does not play a role in translation? DNA Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing? mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome. Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how nucleotides pair up. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Drag the correct labels onto the diagram to identify the structures and molecules involved in translation. A. mRNA B. Small subunit of ribosome C. Large subunit of ribosome D. Amino acid E. tRNA F. Anticodon Which of the following build(s) new strands of DNA? DNA polymerases

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 3/9 See an expert-written answer! Which statement about DNA replication is CORRECT? The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces. During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the parental DNA? T The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is DNA ligase. Submit Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE? DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand. Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the components of replicating DNA strands. Which of the following options is a signature symptom of necrotizing fasciitis? Loss of tissue around a wound Which of the following DNA sequence best represents a mutation of this sequence: 5' - TACGTAGCA - 3'? DNA: 5' - TACCTAGCA - 3' What are the two steps A. baumannii uses to produce proteins from DNA? Transcription and translation Which of the following is NOT an example of horizontal gene transfer? A bacterium passes a mutated gene to its offspring via binary fission. Submit A bacterial strain undergoes a chromosomal mutation that converts one of its genes to a resistance gene. Later, you discover that some members of this strain now carry the gene on a plasmid. Which of the following do you think accomplished this transfer? A transposase A. baumannii became resistant to tetracycline by acquiring an R plasmid. Which of the following best describes how A. baumannii obtained this R plasmid? Horizontal gene transfer Which type of transposon would contain a gene for transposase? Both simple and complex transposons How do complex transposons differ from simple transposons? Complex transposons code for additional genetic elements, such as antibiotic resistance genes; simple transposons only code for the transposase gene essential for the tranposon itself.

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12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 4/9 See an expert-written answer! See an expert-written answer! How is a complex transposon different from a simple transposon? They have two simple transposons with another DNA sequence between them. Why does a complex transposon often contain an extra piece of DNA between the two insertion elements? It is often a gene that confers a survival advantage to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. How would you be able to determine if the Tn5 transposon you put into a bacterium integrated into the host genome? If the Tn5 transposon integrated into the host genome, the cells would show resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. Competent cells are cells that can take up DNA from their surrounding environment and integrate it into their own chromosomes by recombination. Mice that are injected with only the R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae stay healthy, because their immune systems can kill this strain easily. What characteristic of the S strain allows it to evade the immune system of the mice? The cells have a capsule. What most likely explains the recovery of live S strain cells from a mouse injected with heat-killed S strain mixed with live R strain cells? The R strain picked up the S strain DNA, enabling it to produce a capsule. Which finding is most surprising from Griffith's experiments? S strain cells are isolated from the blood of mice infected with heat-killed S strains and live R strains. Insertion sequences target which areas on a target DNA sequence? A sequence of nucleotides identical to the inverted repeat sequence found on the insertion sequence itself What makes an insertion sequence different from other DNA sequences found in a cell? They are capable of effecting their own movement from one location to another on DNA. If the gene that codes for transposase is mutated so that it no longer produces the fully functional enzyme, how will the insertion sequence be affected? The insertion sequence would lose its ability to effect its own movement. How does replicative transposition differ from cut- and-paste transposition? Replicative transposition results in the transposon being copied to a new location; in cut-and-paste transposition, the entire transposon moves to the new location. How does an F+ cell differ from an Hfr cell? Hfr strains have the F plasmid integrated into the chromosome.

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 5/9 See an expert-written answer! Why does conjugation between an Hfr strain and an F- strain not result in two Hfr strains? Conjugation is typically disrupted before the fertility factor can be transferred. Submit Which of the following is a characteristic of an F+ cell? Ability to synthesize sex pili, presence of a fertility factor, and ability to mate with an F- cell. What benefit does the F- strain receive from mating with an Hfr strain? It acquires new, potentially beneficial genes from the Hfr strain. What is the function of the conjugation pilus? It pulls the F+ and F- cells together. What is required by an F- cell to become an F+ cell? F plasmid Submit What is the key difference between donor cells and recipient cells? An F plasmid What cellular macromolecule is the fertility factor comprised of? Nucleic acid At which point does a recipient cell become an F+ cell? Formation of the complementary strand of the F factor What is unique about transduction compared to normal bacteriophage infection? Transduction transfers DNA from the chromosome of one cell to another. How is generalized transduction different from specialized transduction? Generalized transduction is initiated during lytic cycle of a virulent bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated during the lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage. Submit A transducing phage contains fragments of the host chromosome instead of the viral genome. Submit When a transducing phage interacts with a new host cell, the DNA from the previous host can recombine with the new host chromosome. Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds during replication? DNA helicase Submit How do stabilizing proteins work on the DNA? They bind to the single-stranded DNA. In which direction does the replication fork move? It moves ahead of the newly synthesized DNA. What ensures that the single strands of DNA do not come back together? Stabilizing proteins A recombinant cell is a cell that receives DNA from an outside source and incorporates it into its own.

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 6/9 What is the hallmark of all horizontal gene transfers? Transfer of DNA between organisms of the same generation Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? Transduction, conjugation, and transformation What are the products of semiconservative replication for a double-stranded DNA molecule? Two double-stranded DNA molecules, each consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand. Why is DNA replication essential for a cell? An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring. What is the function of the parental DNA in replication? It serves as the template for DNA replication. Transcription produces which of the following? mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are all produced by transcription. According to the animation, which of the following makes mRNA from the information stored in a DNA template? RNA polymerase Ribosomes contain which of the following? rRNA Which of the following is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosomes? tRNA Which of the following can be translated into protein? mRNA What results from the process of translation? A polypeptide How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation? Bacteria can begin translation before transcription has terminated. According to the animation, ribosomes move along the mRNA in which direction? 5' to 3' A gene is defined as a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? RNA polymerase - makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template Which of the following statements is FALSE? DNA replication proceeds in only one direction around the bacterial chromosome. DNA is constructed of two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration. Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription? a new strand of DNA

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12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 7/9 See an expert-written answer! In the figure, if base 4 is adenine, what is base 4'? thymine Refer to the table. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine- lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA? 3' AGACGTTTCAAT 5' Refer to the table. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine- lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is 5' TCTGCAAAGTTA 3'. Refer to the table. When amino acid sequences from a cell cycle control protein from a patient with cancer and a healthy person are aligned, the sequence from the cancer patient indicates one amino acid has changed from phenylalanine (Phe) to leucine (Leu). A mutation in the cancer patient's DNA must have taken place. Identify the result of this DNA change in the mRNA codon that led to this change in the protein sequence. UUU altered to UUA Submit An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is RNA polymerase. An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand of DNA being replicated is DNA ligase If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? the primary structure of the protein Which of the following enzymes unwinds the two strands of DNA so that they can be copied during replication? helicase Which of the following is a DNA strand complementary to CGA ATC AGC? GCT TAG TCG Bacteria usually contain multiple chromosomes. False An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n) inducible enzyme.

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 8/9 Thymine dimers result from nonionizing radiation. Which of the following might result in a frameshift mutation? Benzopyrene Which of the following describes how 5- bromouracil might create a mutation? It can replace the base thymine, and can base pair with guanine rather than adenine. Mutagens increase the likelihood of mutations in DNA. A nucleotide-altering chemical can alter nitrogenous bases of DNA, resulting in incorrect base pairing. This activity requires that you correctly identify the processes of DNA replication, gene expression, and recombination by matching images to brief descriptions of each process. Drag each of the items into the appropriate bin. Select the statements that accurately describe DNA replication. The major replication enzyme is DNA polymerase. Topoisomerase and DNA gyrase remove supercoiling ahead of the replication fork. DNA replication can copy plasmids, which can be transferred among bacterial cells of the same generation. DNA replication is semiconservative. DNA replication provides an exact copy of DNA for daughter cells (next generation). DNA replication occurs prior to mitosis and prior to binary fission. DNA helicase separates the DNA strands, creating a replication fork. Submit

12/18/23, 10:36 AM chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/606778493/chapter-8-flash-cards/ 9/9 Sort the following items according to whether they are associated with transcription, translation, both, or neither. Transcription: RNA polymerase DNA ribonucleotides promoter Translation: codon and anticodon pairing ribosome amino acids Both: tRNA mRNA Neither: deoxyribonucleotides DNA polymerase Match the image with the appropriate term identifying a mechanism of gene transfer and recombination. Drag the statement to the gene transfer mechanism with which it is associated. A statement may be associated with more than one mechanism. Place the following steps in the order in which they most likely occurred to result in the production of penicillinase. Transformation introduced the penicillinase gene to this strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recombination occurred, placing the penicillinase gene in the penicillinase Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome. The penicillinase gene was replicated along with all of the other DNA prior to cell division, resulting in vertical transmission of the gene to the daughter cells. The penicillinase gene was transcribed into mRNA. The penicillinase mRNA was translated into the protein penicillinase. What is the initial target of RNA polymerase? The promoter

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