NSG 3252 Pharmacotherapeutics Final Exam Study Guide 3 5

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1 NSG 3252 Pharmacotherapeutics Final Exam Study Guide 1. Define each of the endocrine glands and state what each does. 2. Explain the negative feedback system. What is the purpose of the negative feedback system? 3. What hormone influences the body’s metabolic rate? 4. What does the hormone Oxytocin do? 5. Where is the hypothalamus located? What does it do? Why is it recognized as the coordinating center for the neuro and endocrine system? 6. What are the 5 releasing hormones, what do they do? What are the 2 inhibiting hormones and what do they do? 7. Indications for the drug Desmopressin and what laboratory values would indicate the Desmopressin was working? 8. What hormones does the pancreas produce and release? What does each do? 9. Explain the Diurnal rhythm. Explain why it is important. 10. What hormone enters the cell to change messenger RNA? 11. Where is the Pituitary gland located and what does it do? What hormones does the anterior and posterior pituitary store? 12. List the nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving a glucocorticoid agent. Glucocorticoids are used to treat what conditions. 13. Patient education for applying a topical steroid. 14. Patient education for short term Prednisone and long term Prednisone? 15. Patient education regarding vaccines for a patient taking corticosteroids. 16. Discuss drug treatment for a patient who has hypothyroidism. 17. Nursing diagnoses for a patient who has hypothyroidism. 18. Discuss the cause and treatment of Goiter. 19. Normal Serum calcium level 20. Define type I and type II Diabetes.

2 21. Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia 22. What is a Glycosylated Hemoglobin? Why is it important? 23. What is the difference between Insulin Shock and Diabetic Coma; treatment for each. 24. Name short and long acting insulins. 25. Insulin used to treat Diabetic Ketoacidosis. 26. Discuss the administration of Regular and NPH insulin; Can they be mixed, if so how? 27. What causes Diabetic Retinopathy? 28. What is the treatment for Pregnancy Induced Diabetes? 29. How does insulin affect the cell? 30. What does Glucagon do? 31. What hormone is responsible for menstrual cramps? 32. Discuss the drug to drug interaction between Dilantin and oral contraceptives. 33. Hormone most important in developing and maintaining the female reproductive organs? 34. What hormone stimulates the release of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? 35. List hormones through the menstrual cycle beginning with Ovulation, and the purpose of each. 36. Discuss the ramification of undescended testes. 37. Discuss the relationship between smoking and estrogen. 38. Side effects of Androgens? 39. Adverse effects of fluoxymesterone (Androxy). 40. What are the risk factors with postmenopausal women taking Hormone replacement therapy? 41. Viagra, Indications, actions, and SEs and patient education. 42. Discuss the purpose of a pacemaker and how it works.

3 43. Define heart failure. 44. Discuss the physiological effects of edema in Left-sided heart failure. 45. Define the following and discuss what is happening as appropriate.  Depolarization  Repolarization  Action Potential  Diastole  Systole  Preload  Afterload  Myocardial Infarction 46. Know the stepped care management approach to treating hypertension. 47. List the normal conduction pathway. 48. Primary Cause of Heart Failure. 49. Know the drug diltiazem (Cardizem) indication, action, SEs, patient education 50. Untreated hypertension increases the risk of what conditions? 51. Define pulmonary edema and discuss signs and symptoms. 52. Know the drug Digoxin, Indications, actions, SEs, Nursing assessment prior to administration. 53. Know normal serum digoxin level, and antidote for toxicity. 54. What do cardiac glycosides do? 55. What three elements determine blood pressure? 56. What is the meaning of Positive inotropic and Negative inotropic? 57. Mediation for long-term stabilization of atrial fibrillation. 58. Drugs used to treat Atrial Fibrillation. 59. Lidocaine, Indications, Action, SEs, normal serum drug level, signs and symptoms of drug toxicity. 60. Nursing education related to how take sotalol (Betapace). 61. Labs for monitoring Coumadin and Heparin. 62. Define the types of Angina. 63. Discuss cause of Angina. 64. Drug prescribed for Prinzmental’s Angina. 65. Action of Nitroglycerin.

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4 66. Patient education related sublingual nitroglycerin and topical nitroglycerin to include onset and action and side effects. 67. Assessment of an asthma patient on beta-blockers. 68. Know cholesterols levels, LDL levels and HDL levels. 69. Indication, Action, Contraindications, adverse effects and patient education for atorvastatin (Lipitor). 70. Discuss Pravastatin and atorvastatin and grapefruit juice. Patient Education. 71. Antidote for Heparin and Warfarin and normal serum therapeutic levels. What lab is drawn for each? 72. Describe the types of Anemia. 73. Patient education for a patient taking heparin and warfarin. 74. Discuss disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and the drug of choice for treatment with rationale. 75. Discuss the cause, of anemia in end-stage renal disease. 76. SEs of oral Iron Preparation. 77. Define pernicious anemia and the course of treatment. What drugs would you expect to see the patient taking? 78. Indication, action, contraindications and adverse effect of iron. 79. Discuss sickle cell anemia, Genetic carrier screening and treatment. 80. Discuss the Pathology of acute renal failure. What part of the renal system are effected? 81. Discuss the release of erythropoietin. 82. Know the major functions of the renal system. 83. How does the kidney assist in the maintenance of Acid-base balance within the body? 84. Patient education for a patient going home on a diuretic. 85. Lasix, indications, action, contraindications, side effects and nursing care. 86. Discuss the drug to drug interaction of Lasix and gentamicin (Garamycin).

5 87. Adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL). 88. Know the signs and symptoms of Pyelonephritis, Cystitis (bladder infection) and Kidney Stones. 89. Patient education for a patient taking phenazopyridine (Azo-Standard). 90. Drug of choice to treat a UTI in patient who has renal impairment? 91. How does an osmotic diuretic work in a patient with a severe head injury? 92. Where does gas exchange take place? 93. Discuss assessment of a child with recurrent UTIs. 94. List the parts of the Respiratory system and state what each does beginning with inspiration. 95. Therapeutic effects of epinephrine. 96. How does surfactant lend itself to the correct functioning of an infant’s lungs? 97. What chemical is released to trigger an asthmatic attack? 98. Discuss the respiratory component of Cystic Fibrosis. What causes the symptoms, what is the key feature of CF? 99. How are the ways that the respiratory system protects itself? 100.Define: Antitussives, Decongestants, Expectorants, and Mucolytics. What does each class of these drugs do? 101.Patient education for OTC cold medicines for children. 102. Patient education for patients on antihistamines. 103. What is a therapeutic level for Theophylline (Theodur)? 104. Discuss the therapeutics effects of epinephrine. 105. Discuss the correct us of an inhaler. 106. Name a unique characteristic of the GI system. 107. Discuss the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). 108. Antidiarrheal of choice for children 2 years of age or older?

6 109. In a child with CF, there is a lack of pancreatic enzymes; this results in what? 110. What part of the brain is damaged to cause difficult swallowing? 111. Outline the process of elimination. 112. How will the nurse administer antacids to relieve GI discomfort? 113. What is the H2 antagonist recommended for a patient with advanced liver failure? 114. Discuss ranitidine (Zantac), indication, and side effects, patient education. 115. Discuss signs and symptoms and causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease. 116. Common laxative used postpartum. 117. Action when a child ingests overdose of medication. 118. Prochlorperazine (Compazine) contraindications.

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