Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA_ The Molecule of Life Flashcards _ Quizlet

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12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 1/7 Try the fastest way to create flashcards Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life 7 studiers in 3 days 5.0 (2 reviews) Students also viewed Terms in this set (57) Others also viewed these textbooks Search for a textbook or question Geometry, Indiana Edition 1st Edition • ISBN: 9780133726435 Basia Hall, Charles, Kennedy, Dan, Laurie E. Bass 5,442 solutions bio Chapter 6: key concept hmwk 37 terms abbottdl Preview BIO 100 Exam 3 146 terms jessicabereny Preview BIOL 1030 - Chapter 12 MasteringBio ... 18 terms zoeas7473 Preview Biology mas 31 terms maliyahp P Can you complete this paragraph about the cellular processes involved in protein production? 1. DNA Only : Deoxyribose sugar, thymine base, double-stranded 2. RNA Only: Ribose sugar, single-stranded, uracil base 3. Both DNA & RNA: phosphate, guanine base, nucleotides

12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 2/7 The cellular processes that results in the production of protein begin in the _____ , where the DNA resides. There, the process of _____ creates a molecule of RNA from a molecule of DNA. The enzyme that performs this process is called _____ _____. The RNA molecule, which exits the nucleus, is a specific kind of RNA called _____. Once it exits the nucleus via the nuclear pores, this molecule travels to a cellular organelle called the _____. There, the sequence of nucleotides on this molecule is used to create a molecule of protein through the process called _____. This process is helped along by molecules of _____, each of which recognizes one nucleotide triplet and carries the corresponding amino acid. nucleus; transcription; RNA polymerase; mRNA; ribosome; translation; tRNA Concept Map about mutations A. mutagens B. Point Mutagens C. Frameshift mutations D. Carcinogens E. Missense mutations F. Nonsense mutations _____ is a lump of abnormal cells that, although growing out of control, remains at its original site. Abenign tumor A _____ is an abnormally growing mass of cells that is actively spreading through the body. malignant tumor _____ is the spread of cancer cells from their site of origin to other sites in the body. Metastasis An individual with a malignant tumor is said to have _____. cancer Evaluation Science in the Media: Genetically Modified Organisms Part A: On a scale of 0 to 6, where 6 is the most trustworthy, how would you rate this site? Part B: What is the affiliation of the writer? Part C: What seems to be the main purpose of the blog post? Part D: What do you find when you click these two links? Part E: Is the information provided by these sites consistent with what you found on the CFS web site? Part F: In what range does this source fall? a. 5-6 (very trustworthy) b. She is on staff at the Center for Food Safety (CFS). c. to convince the public that genetic engineering is not the solution to citrus greening d. One links to another page on the CFS web site, and one links to a paper in a peer-reviewed journal. e. Other sites discuss both the risks and benefits associated with GMOs. f. 2 to 4

12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 3/7 Can you correctly place the labels in this diagram that summarizes the process of DNA profiling? 1. DNA isolation 2. PCR 3. gel electrophoresis a. STR analysis b. Long DNA fragment C. Short DNA fragment Interpreting Data: Genome Sizes Part A: What is the gene density of the human genome? Calculate your answer in genes per Mb (mega base pairs, or 1 million base pairs). Part B: Use the table to identify three statements that are true regarding the genomes of organisms. Part A: 7 Part B: More complex organisms (e.g., vertebrates) generally have lower gene densities than less complex organisms (e.g., bacteria). An organism's number of genes is not a good predictor of its gene density. More complex organisms (e.g., vertebrates) generally have larger genome sizes. Can you correctly label various parts of a DNA molecule? A. Double helix B. phosphate group C. deoxyribose D. hydrogen bond E. Base Pair F. Nucleotide G. Nitrogenous Base Video Tutor Session Quiz: DNA Structure Part A: Blue Part B: Phosphate Part C: CGTG Part D: 4 Part E: Sugar and phosphate only Can you label the components of replicating DNA strands? A. Parental DNA B. DNA polymerase C. Leading Strand D. Lagging Strand E. DNA ligase F. Replication fork Can you label the way nucleotides pair up in replicating DNA? A __ ----- __ T C __ ----- __G G C ----- G T A - T ------ A - T C- G ------ C - G Can you identify the molecules and processes involved in the flow of genetic information through a cell? DNA, Transcription (arrow), RNA, Translation (arrow Ribosome), protein The principal role of _____ is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA out of the nucleus for the synthesis of proteins. RNA

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12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 4/7 A _____ serves as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. ribosome _____ is the process in which mRNA codons are converted into an amino acid sequence. Translation _____ is the first step of gene expression, during which a particular segment of DNA is converted into RNA. Transcription _____is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, shaped like a double helix, and associated with the transmission of genetic information. DNA A _____ is made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, attached to one another in long chains. protein Transcription is the cellular process that involves the transfer of information from DNA to a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). identify the events of transcription. 1. RNA polymerase binds to a promoter on DNA, initiating transcriptions. 2. RNA polymerase peels open the double helix of DNA, with one strand serving as a template for the formation of RNA. 3. The RNA transcript is processed to remove segments that do not encode for amino acids and to splice together those that do. 4. mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm. BioFlix Quiz: Protein Synthesis Part A: Which of the following events occurs during? Part B: Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? Part C: The site of translation is Part D: Which one of the following does not play a role in translation? Part E: Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing? a. A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. b. mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. c. ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm d. DNA e. mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome A normal gene that, if mutated, can lead to cancer is called a(n) _____. proto-oncogene A gene that causes a cell to become cancerous is called a(n) _____. oncogene

12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 5/7 See an expert-written answer! A(n) _____ is a gene that encodes proteins that inhibit cell division. Such proteins normally help prevent cells from becoming cancerous. tumor-suppressor gene A(n) _____ is a protein that promotes cell division. In excess, such a protein may lead to cancer. growth factor What do you call an organism that has been genetically engineered to contain a gene from a different species? Trangenic One genetic engineering application that relies on transgenic organisms is the production of large quantities of a desired protein, such as the human insulin protein. This process involves the use of restriction enzymes that act like molecular scissors to cut out the gene of interest. Another enzyme called ligase "glues" the gene into the target DNA. Drag the steps of gene cloning into the correct sequence. 1. Cut out the insulin gene using restriction enzymes. Cut the bacterial plasmid with the same restriction enzymes. 2. ligase pastes the insulin gene into the bacterial plasmid. 3. The recombinant plasmid containing the insulin gene is taken up by bacterium. 4. The bacterium multiplies, producing many bacterial cells that make the insulin protein. 5. Human insulin is isolated from transgenic bacteria. Can you place the steps involved in creating genetically modified organisms in their proper order? 1. Gather plasmid & targer DNA 2. Cut DNA with restriction enzymes 3. Create a recombinant plasmid 4. Create transgenic cells 5. Harvest product Can you correctly identify the steps in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? A. Start with a sample of double-stranded DNA B. Heat sample to separate DNA strands C. DNA polymerase duplicates DNA strands D. Cool sample to allow DNA double helices to form

12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 6/7 See an expert-written answer! Can you fill in this paragraph about the human genome? The ______ was a massive scientific undertaking meant to identify and sequence all of the genes found In a human cell. This is just one example of _____, the branch of biology that studies whole _____, which are the complete sets of DNA found within organisms. One of the interesting conclusions from this project was that only about 1.5% of human DNA encodes for ______. Although it was groundbreaking for its time, it is now fairly routine to completely sequence the DNA of an organism using the ______ method. In this method, the DNA is chopped up with restriction enzymes, the fragments are sequenced, and then they are reassembled into one continuous sequence. Through such analyses, scientists are learning much about human DNA and its relation to other species. Human Genome Project genomics genomes proteins whole-genome shotgun The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important technique in biotechnology because it allows researchers to __________. make many copies of a specific DNA sequence Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein- coding sequence produces what type of mutation? Frameshift Food containing genetically modified organisms (GMO) could be on your table tonight. This means the food is __________. genetically altered Mutations are changes in the sequence of __________. DNA Successful DNA replication results in __________. two double helix molecules, each half parental DNA and half newly synthesized DNA Restriction enzymes are __________. enzymes used as cutting tools in making recombinant DNA You have three copies of a particular DNA molecule. What technique would you use to make more copies of the molecule? PCR In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the _________ while translation occurs in the __________. nucleus; cytoplasm Which of the following features of DNA molecules contain the actual code for building proteins? Sequence of bases If an organism is transgenic, then it __________. has one or more genes from another species of organism

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12/18/23, 10:37 AM Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA: The Molecule of Life Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/540067229/biology-1005-chapter-6-dna-the-molecule-of-life-flash-cards/ 7/7 See an expert-written answer! See an expert-written answer! Bacterial plasmids are of particular interest to biotechnologists because plasmids __________. can deliver DNA to other cells What is the correct flow of information from gene to protein? DNA-mRNA-protein A DNA molecule is a polymer made of __________. nucleotides What is a plasmid? A circular piece of bacterial DNA that copies independently of the main bacterial chromosome How many messenger RNA (mRNA) bases make up a codon? 3 Ribosomes are made up of __________. protein and RNA How do transfer RNAs (tRNAs) bring the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide? By complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and the messenger (mRNA) codon According to complementary base-pairing rules, for every G in the DNA double helix, there must be __________. a "C" During translation, the start codon ___________. codes for "start" and the amino acid methionine The sequence of DNA specifies __________. the amino acid sequence of proteins Human genomes commonly have short DNA sequences that are repeated from three to 50 times. These are known as _________. short tandem repeats What is a genome? All of the genes in an organism The end of translation occurs when __________. a stop codon in the mRNA is reached Using the DNA sequence TACGGTACCATTGCGCAA, determine which of the following choices is the complementary RNA molecule. AUGCCAUGGUAACGCGUU What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis? Ribosomes provide a site for tRNA to bind to mRNA.

Biology 1005 - Chapter 6 DNA_ The Molecule of Life Flashcards _ Quizlet

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