BIOL 2311 - Exam 1 - Tagged

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Feb 20, 2024

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NAME: BIOL 2311 – Exam 1 (51 questions; Max score: 110 out of 100 points) Multiple choice questions (50 questions – 2 points per question) . Choose a single answer per question. 1. The heart contains valves that prevent back4ow of blood. This scenario demonstrates: a. complementarity of anatomy and physiology b. inseparability of anatomy and physiology c. physiology always re4ecting anatomy d. a and b e. a, b, and c 2. The human body is hierarchically organized. Which of the following is a functional level organization? a. cellular level b. tissue level c. organ level d. all the above e. none of the above 3. Together the connective, epithelial and smooth muscle tissue types form the blood vessel. This best illustrates the __________ level of functional organization. a. Organ b. Tissue c. Cellular d. all the above e. none of the above 4. All the following are anatomical features of the integumentary system, except for: a. Skin b. Hair c. Nails d. all the above e. none of the above 5. All the following are physiological features of the muscular system, except for: a. locomotion b. posture maintenance c. heat production d. all the above e. none of the above 6. The __________ system(s) is chie4y responsible for providing sites for blood cell formation. a. skeletal b. cardiovascular c. lymphatic d. a and b e. b and c T T I -

7. The human nervous system can respond to internal and external changes by activating appropriate eQectors. Which of the following organs is not activated by the nervous system? a. bones b. muscles c. glands d. all the above e. none of the above 8. Which of the following organ systems does not directly participate in the excretion or removal of wastes from the body? a. cardiovascular system b. respiratory system c. digestive system d. urinary system e. none of the above 9. All the following demonstrate speciTc negative feedback mechanisms that are critical for homeostasis, except for: a. platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets during blood clotting b. sweat glands are activated to evaporate sweat in response to elevated body temperature c. skeletal muscles are activated to move/shiver in response to decreased body temperature d. b and c e. a, b, and c 10. At an extremely high altitude, a hiker experiences dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. This scenario best illustrates which survival need? a. appropriate atmospheric pressure b. presence of oxygen c. normal body temperature d. a and b e. a, b, and c 11. The major function of the skin is to create and maintain a distinct separation between external and internal environments at the organismal level. This best illustrates the __________, a key survival need. a. movement b. responsiveness c. maintaining boundaries d. metabolism e. none of the above 12. __________ is the most abundant organic compound in the human body and serves as sites for chemical reactions. a. water b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. all the above ~

e. none of the above 13. All the following demonstrate speciTc negative feedback mechanisms that are critical for homeostasis, except for: a. Sweating in response to increased body temperature b. Shivering in response to decreased body temperature c. Increased insulin in response to increased blood glucose level d. all the above e. none of the above 14. In a study session, Student A correctly determined that the coxal region is _______ to the umbilical region. a. lateral b. deep c. inferior d. a and b e. a and c 15. Which of the following is not a feature of the standard anatomical body position? a. arms at the sides b. feet 4at on the 4oor and slightly apart c. eyes facing forward d. body erect e. thumbs pointed towards the body 16. Student B begins to profusely sweat after running multiple 400-meter laps around a track. The sweating response is directly determined the __________, a component of the homeostatic control mechanism. a. control center b. eQector c. receptor d. all the above e. none of the above 17. The thumb can be described by the following statements, except for: a. it is part of the axial body division b. it is also known as pollex c. it is pointed way from the body in standard anatomical position d. b and c e. a, b, and c 18. In a dissection exercise, Student C is instructed to make a horizontal cut on the sample. In this scenario, the student could follow the __________ plane to produce anterior and superior sections. a. transverse b. frontal c. oblique d. a and b e. a and c

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19. The __________ is part of the appendicular body division that speciTcally lies proximal to the antebrachial region. a. antecubital region b. carpal region c. palmar region d. b and c e. a, b, and c 20. In a study session, Student D is mastering the standardized anatomical position and realizes that in this position the ___________ is not visible. a. plantar b. palmar c. mental d. cervical e. none of the above 21. In a dissection exercise, Student E is tasked to produced sections that will separately contain the popliteal and patellar regions. To accomplish the task, Student E must cut long the __________ plane. a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse d. a and b e. b and c 22. Which of the following anatomical structures is not a part of the ventral body cavity? a. thoracic cavity b. diaphragm c. abdominal cavity d. pelvic cavity e. none of the above 23. Patient A is found to have a severe reduction in the serous 4uid contained within the __________ resulting in increased friction and stress in the heart. a. parietal serosa b. serous cavity c. visceral serosa d. all the above e. none of the above 24. Patient B was in a major car accident and presents severe damage to their cervical region. Which speciTc type of body cavity will most likely be also damaged in Patient B? a. middle ear cavity b. synovial cavity c. orbital cavity d. oral cavity e. all the above 25. Water can be described by the following statements, except for: a. it is a molecule b. it is a compound W ~ ~ ~

c. it is an element d. a and b e. a, b, and c 26. Which of the following statements about chemical reactions occurring in the human body is inaccurate? a. decomposition reactions are exclusively exergonic b. synthesis reactions are exclusively endergonic c. exchange reactions are exclusively exergonic d. a and b e. a, b, and c 27. Breakdown of the highly branched glycogen into glucose molecules best exempliTes a ______________. a. exchange chemical reaction b. synthesis chemical reaction c. decomposition chemical reaction d. all the above e. none of the above 28. In a lab simulation exercise, Student E notes that the reactants contain less potential energy compared to the products made. This scenario most likely demonstrates that a _________ chemical reaction has occurred. a. displaced b. anabolic c. catabolic d. all the above e. none of the above 29. All the following statements are directly attributed to the polar solvent nature of water, except for: a. it forms hydration layers around charged macromolecules b. it readily dissociates and dissolves ionic substances c. it is has high heat capacity d. a and b e. a, b, and c 30. The 4uid-Tlled serous cavity found in between the visceral and parietal serosa helps reduce physical stress to an organ. This best demonstrates the __________ property of water. a. reactivity b. solvent c. cushioning d. vaporization e. all the above 31. Which of the following statements about the inorganic compound salt is inaccurate? a. it cannot contain H + b. it may contain any anion c. it cannot contain OH - d. all the above

e. none of the above 32. Student F measured the pH of an unknown solution and found it to be at 7. 5. The student may infer that the unknown solution contains __________. a. higher [H + ] b. lower [H + ] c. higher [OH - ] d. a and b e. b and c 33. Amino acids chemically linked together by peptide bonds form backbone of proteins. This best illustrates: a. hydrolysis reaction b. dehydration synthesis reaction c. catabolic reaction d. a and b e. a and c 34. All the following carbohydrates function as structural components for nucleic acids, except for: a. ribose b. glucose c. deoxyribose d. a and b e. a and c 35. During triglyceride synthesis, three fatty acid chains are chemically linked to a glycerol molecule by losing water molecules. This process best demonstrates: a. lipid insolubility in water b. dehydration synthesis c. fat energy storage d. a and b e. a, b, and c 36. In the cell membrane, phospholipids are oriented in a manner where their _____ region faces the watery environments while their _____ faces away from it. a. polar head; polar tail b. non-polar head; polar tail c. polar head; non-polar tail d. non-polar head; non- polar tail e. none of the above 37. The spiral alpha-helices and pleated beta-sheets folded up together forming a globular structure best illustrates: a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure e. none of the above

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38. The cell adhesion molecules are important for physically linking or joining cells together. This best exempliTes: a. a functional Tbrous protein b. a structural globular protein c. a functional globular protein d. a structural Tbrous protein e. none of the above 39. All the following are components of nucleotides, except for: a. nitrogen-containing base b. pentose sugar c. phosphate sugar d. all the above e. none of the above 40. Student G is given an unknown sample and is tasked uncover its identity. Student G found that the sample contained uracil and thus, inferred that it is likely: a. ATP b. DNA c. RNA d. all the above e. none of the above 41. Protein enzymes transfer terminal phosphates from ATP to other molecules to energize/activate them. This scenario best illustrates: a. catabolism b. exergonic reaction c. hydrolysis d. phosphorylation e. all the above 42. A mutation that causes defective __________ to be made, can ultimately lead to abnormal membrane signaling and trafcking by reducing stability of the membrane. a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. glycolipids d. cholesterol e. all the above 43. Damaged __________ proteins can lead to abnormal cytoskeleton attachment on the intracellular surface and thus, lead to altered cell shape. a. carrier b. channel c. integral d. peripheral e. all the above 44. Which of the following statements about integral membrane proteins are accurate? a. they can serve as channels for transport b. they can serve as receptors for signal transduction c. they can serve as attachment sites for extracellular matrix Phosphate group

d. a and b e. a, b, and c 45. Which non-membranous cytoplasmic organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins? a. Golgi apparatus b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Ribosome e. c and d 46. A toxin that speciTcally damages the cristae of the mitochondria can lead to __________. a. increased ATP production via anaerobic cellular respiration b. decreased ATP production via anaerobic cellular respiration c. increased ATP production via aerobic cellular respiration d. decreased ATP production via aerobic cellular respiration e. b and d 47. In skeletal muscle cells, a specialized ______ (an organelle) functions to store and regulate calcium release. a. Lysosome b. Golgi apparatus c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum e. a and d 48. Osteoclasts are specialized bone cells that breakdown bone to release calcium. This demonstrates a ________-like function. a. mitochondria b. peroxisome c. ribosome d. lysosome e. none of the above 49. All the following statements about the nucleus is accurate, except for: a. it contains the genetic library with instructions for all cellular proteins b. the double-layered nuclear envelope contains pores for transport c. the nucleoli is critical for rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly d. both layers of the nuclear envelope are continuous with the rough ER e. none of the above 50. Which of the following chromatin components contain carbon in the macromolecular structure? a. DNA b. RNA c. Histone proteins d. all the above e. none of the above

Short answer question (1 question – 10 points) . Use your own words for all responses – plagiarized responses will not be given any credit. Limit your responses to a maximum of 10 sentences. 51. Maintaining pH homeostasis is critical for our body cells to function optimally. Identify the speciTc buQer system discussed in class, that is majorly involved in regulation of blood pH. Then, explain how it responds when the blood becomes: (a) acidic, (b) basic or (c) in homeostasis. Since maintaining pH homeostasis is very important to the body the Bicarbonate buffer system helps regulate the blood pH. What happens is the carbon dioxide reacts with water which ends up forming carbonic acid. That forms into a hydrogen ion as well as bicarbonate. When the blood becomes acidic the hydrogen ions are accepted to help restore its balance and maintain homeostasis. Then when the blood becomes basic thats when hydrogen ions are released to bring the pH back to normal. Lastly, when the blood is in homeostasis there is no reaction needed it continues to stay balanced unless there is any change in the pH.

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BIOL 2311 - Exam 1 - Tagged

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