YAVORSKALAB4CELLS

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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ACTIVITY 1 g\ Label the following images of animal and plant cell models. Refer to models available in lab and images in your textbook. 11 Secretory vesicle Fig 1: Animal Cell Model 59 Scanned with CamScanner
< [ § s s 1§ - i S =219 17 18 17 S , 1 Middle Lamelia L2 Cell wall 3 Intercllular spact —— 4 Gl Wall 5 flasma membrare P 6 Golgi bady ; st‘“'ctla.s 1 Vacuola 20 7 Cytoplasm Lysosorn/Pm, 21 ' Vocuolar 22 8 ém"w.c Membrane Reticu 9 Nudeus 10 Nudealas o 11 Nuclear Pam’ Swactn 23 S 12 Chrorossme. Erlepeamic 13 Noc. . M Rt 14 Na.a“Enn Newm (in) Nadear pores Ribssomes 24 8 RER 15 CHam(lasf Primary 2 cal wall 8 RER bl 16 16 Mitschondria, Fig 2: Plant Cell Model /’Q ; 60 \- Scanned with CamScanner
ACTIVITY 2 Finish the following table using information from lab and also your textbook and detoxifying enzymes Table 1 Structures and Functions of Animal and Plant Cells Structure Function Presentin | Presentin Animal Cell | Plant Cell Cell Wall eneases & ads as a bonvwlgv.ly X Plasma Membrane encloves a adl and sepavates X 3 - from B surroundigs Cytoplasm o lds componants inplace. acq. wedinn X X Nucleus contains genetic information |« X X Nuclear Membrane lvow““‘:) structuie of nudeas Y X Nucleolus assemble Vibosonnes X X Ribosomes sites of protun synthesic X ¥ Rough Endoplasmic | structural/ symihesize proteins 3 X Reticulum Smooth madn"“y Substanas +6 Aake Less toxic ) Endoplasmic stores intracellular Ca®+ 5 MK - .| Reticulum lipid o carbohydrate synthesis Golgi Complex Collecks, packaces , and distributes . P v-nal.uu(.l..’;, +r§:pfi, X X Vesicles Storage and transpord sacs e X Lysosomes Degrade preteins, rucleic acids, X - lipds aund _carbs. sphaqecytosis Peroxisomes oxidises £utty acids. digesbre Y Central Vacuole stores Pr°+e'|n$., (gmends and waste matenals.” ¥ tont ety Mitochondria gnrart ATP. Emg\/ mokylolém - Chloroplast z}u\.tmft AR and Sugars. Amyloplast starch storage X | XX x| X > 61 Scanned with CamScanner
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ACTIVITY 3 Observing cell types and their structures DOMAIN BACTERIA This domain consists of unicellular prokaryotic organisms that lack membrane bound organelles including a nucleus. Eubacteria are true bacteria and include many of the pathogenic bacteria whereas cyanobacteria are non-pathogenic and photosynthetic. - A) Escherichia coli: Eubacteria 1) Obtain a permanent slide and observe using your 40X objective under 400X magnification. Alternatively your instructor may have set up a slide as a demo using the 100X oil immersion objective (1000X magnification). 2) Study the slide and observe the unicellular, single rod shaped cells. Draw scaled image showing the size, shape and grouping of the cells. a. Can you see any details within each cell? Nb. b. How do scientists know what structures are present inside these tiny cells? TM ave ahly e f;m:q ):‘slgh{' on intornal shuctures by u&(ng Micro&flpo. . == DOMAIN EUKARYA Consist of organisms that are composed of eukaryotic cell/s with many membrane bound organelles including a nucleus. Further divided into four Kingdoms. | KINGDOM PROTISTA Organisms that do not fit any of the other kingdoms are placed into this kingdom. This kingdom includes both animal like (Protozoa), plant like (algae) and fungus like (slime mold) species. Species are varied and could be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. A) Amoeba: Unicellular Protozoan 1) Obtain a permanent slide of Amoeba and observe it using 40X objective. 2) Observe nucleus, plasma membrane with many extensions known as pseudopodia, contractile vacuole and food vacuoles. 3) Draw an image labeling all the different parts of the organism. a. What is the function of the contractile vacuoles? To pump water out of the al, b. Do all the amoeba cells have the same shape? Why or why not? No, ameeba wlls are \oo\yma'[)hk, or ha¥e o fixed Skap, and ladk ¢l walks. c. What is the function of pseudopodia? d They k,de amoeba mave and 6620\‘;4\«(6 food . \ Scanned with CamScanner
=5 B) 1) 2) 3) 4) Eudorina: Colonial Algae Obtain a permanent slide of this specimen and observe using all objectives. Observe each sphere. Each sphere is a colony of unicellular cells. There should be a fi xed number of cells within each unit. Count the number of cells within each sphere. How many have you counted? Each individual cell has a flagellum, which helps it to move. a. Is this organism prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain. Algae, is “eukarystic. ] b. What structures can you see in these cells? Nore visible, c. If each cell has a flagellum, do you think that the colony will be motile? Would there be any advantage in motility? Yes, to aeguire nutrients mofe e(fi,.g.«rfly and avoid foxie substanes KINGDOM PLANTAE ‘ {0 x Consist of multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells. The members of this domaln are characterized by having a cell wall made of cellulose. : : e P A &5 N@: &wfl A) 1) 2) 3) 4) b. Elodea: Multicellular aquatic plant Obtain a fresh sprig of Elodea and pluck a tender leaf from the top of the rosette of leaves. If you pick a thick mature leaf your cover slip will not be even. Place it on‘a clean slide and make a whole mount in a drop of water. Observe the multicellular nature of first using 10X objectlve Then switch to the 40X objective and zoom to observe the details of one cell. Observe the thick cell wall, plastids known as chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll, and the central ey 40\ vacuole. The nucleus is often not seen because of the overcrowdlng by the )Zl chloroplasts. . Why do the cells appear to be clear and empty in the middle? Thae antral vacuole occupies most of the Flmd’ C&” ! What is the function of the central vacuole? & invelved in fonicity and stomge of profors | P{svwnts and wag¥es, 63 Scanned with CamScanner
B) Solanum sp. (Potato): Multicellular plant cells A0x 1) Obtain a small piece of potato and a sharp razor blade. Using - ~the razor blade make a thin section of the potato tuber. Your . instructor may demo this for you. * 72) Place the section in a drop of IK stain and make a ¢« whole mount. 3) Observe section under 10X magnificatlon first. 4) Look for many hexagonal cells filled with purple oval structures. Each of the purple structures is a storage plastld known as an amyloplast that is used to store starch granules. s 5) Switch t6 40X objective and zoom to observe details of ! one cell and its amyloplasts. ) . 6) Draw an image of one cell and amyloplasts. Tideo ' i l | | ) I s C) Both chloroplasts and amyloplasts are plastids. How do they differ from each other? Amyloplasts store starh whilk chlanvplasts contain chlor JP‘IY" D) Would you expect to find amyloplasts or chloroplast i i. leaf cells chlersplast ii. Tuberous root cells amyblo(n.s{, ]| ' KINGDOM FUNGI Consist of organisms that are unicellular (yeast) or multicellualr (molds). Member species have eukaryotic cells with a cell wall made up of chmn A) Saccharomyces sp. (Yeast) cells 1) Make a whole mount of yeast cells. Add a drop of neutral red on the slide. Take a small drop of the specimen from the stock culture after gently swirling it. " Add the drop of specimen to the stain on the slide. Mix and d | place a cover slip. Blot excess fluid from sides of cover slip. 2) Observe the cells using the 40X objective and look for nucleus, cell organelles, and cell wall. 3) Draw an image of the cell and label the structures. a. How do these cells differ from E.coli'cells? Thete alls are bigger and thae are more clufers visible ere. Scanned with CamScanner
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§— ACTIVITY 4 ‘Study of Unknowns A A. Allium sp. (Onion) peel cells ‘ 1. Place a drop of neutral red stain on a clean slide. Cut an onion and remove a section. Snap the section in two by bending it backwards. This exposes the epidermis on either edge of the break. Using your nails or forceps peel off a piece of the epidermis (it should be thin and transparent). 2. Place the peel in the drop of stain on the slide and make sure that it is evenly spread ' out with no wrinkles. If the piece is very big use a razor blade to trim it. 3. Lower a cover slip gradually over the peel without generating air bubbles. 4. Observe using all objectives. a. Is this organism prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain. Eulaxryoh'(, , onions are rlqn'l’s and fall under w\mvyéh,, b. Is this organism unicellular, colonial, or multicellular? Explain. Mubt-cellular, as &5 a f‘an{: \ ) ; g c. What structures can you see in these cells? Cl wall, call wumbrang , vagale. d. What domain and kingdom does this organism belong to? B. Paramecium: 3 1. Obtain a clean slide and place a drop of Slo-Go. 2. Take a small drop of the specimen from the stock culture after gently swirling it to suspend the organisms and mix it with the Slo-Go on the slide. 3. Gently lower a cover slip onto the specimen without incorporating any air bubbles. a. Is this organism prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain. Eukaryotic, lelonging 1o the Prof&s* kingdom b. Is this or'ganism unicellular, colonial, or multicellular? Explain 0 X, uniczuular , only made ur of .t a,ll, c. What structures can you see in this organism? Cilia, cykar/a‘m Jhucleas, 67 Scanned with CamScanner
d. This organism is motile. What structures does it use to move? Is it a slow v I mover or a fast mover? Cilia allowv for slow movevent. e. What domain and kingdom does this organism belong to? Eukaryota ] Protista v . Pa cametaum ) Human Epithelium- - _ Obtain a permanent slide and observe using all objectives a._h E‘gs. organism Pf°karyotic or eukary/ ic? i ~ k Exp .\ N\ . s N / ; b. Is this organism unteelluiar; colonial, or multicellular? Explain <. - g ISP # 3 . i \ c. What structurzs can you see in these celis? 4 iy Fd d. What domain and kingdom does this organism belo‘hgt\ 68 Scanned with CamScanner

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