Bio 150 Test 3 ch 13-17

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Liberty University *

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150

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name _______________________ Bio 150 Test 2: Chapters 13-17 Directions: You may use your book or notes to determine an answer to 10 of the following the following 12 Smart Grid questions from the end of the chapters. Each question is worth 5 points with the whole test being worth 50 points. This test is to be completed individually. Please, do not discuss the answers with others or copy the book or websites directly. Illegible answers and plagiarism will be counted as a zero (0). 1. Name 3 antigen presenting cells, and what other functions each of them have. 2. Explain how herd immunity works to protect the spread of infectious disease. Include two ways that people can be “immune” to infection. 3. Do you think people with B cell deficiencies can be successfully vaccinated against various microbes? Why or why not? 4. Recent research shows that asthmatic patients have a much higher load of bacteria in the lower airways than do healthy subjects. How could that contribute to what we see in the pathology of asthma?

5. When PCR is performed “by hand” (not with a prepackaged test kit), the lab environment has to be scrupulously clean. Explain why that might be. 6. You performed a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test to determine antibiotic susceptibilities of a clinical isolate. There is a clear zone of several millimeters around the penicillin disc, but there are two distinct colonies in the middle of the clear halo. What is the probable explanation for those colonies? 7. Write a paragraph that explains ELISA test to middle school students. 8. Explain why detecting a single case of smallpox would be considered a public health- national security- emergency.

9. What structure of Bacillus anthracis makes it capable of surviving in powered form and natural soil, for indefinite periods of time. 10. Why is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and botulism? 11. Speculate on why the poliovirus has changed over evolutionary time to cause severe disease less often in humans, while a disease such as rabies has not become less virulent to humans over time. 12. Recent research show that when scientists infect Aedes aegypti with a bacterium called Wolbachia , they become less likely to spread Zika and other Viruses to humans. Speculate on what Wolbachia is doing in the mosquito.

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