KINE 4353 Module 6 Bioterrorism Video Outline and Reaction

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Jun 4, 2024

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April 18, 2024 MODULE 6- BIOTERRORISM VIDEO OUTLINE AND REACTION 1.OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY BIOTERRORISM Is the act of terrorism in the form of viruses, bacteria and other germs A. Bioterrorism Attacks i. The effects are immediate from the chemical and/or radiation requiring a quick response. ii. Effects can go unnoticed for hours and even days before realizing anything. B. Bioterrorism Diseases i. Categorized in categories “A-C.” 1. Category A: smallpox, anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers ( these diseases would cause the most illness and death. Can be spread through water, air, and food supplies) a. Plague and smallpox used in the past as weapons of mankind. b. Anthrax intentionally used most recently causing countless deaths and spreading panic. C. Government i. The U.S. Government has taken crucial methods to implement preparedness and response plans WHAT IS BIOTERRORISM? - Bioterrorism is a form of terrorism that involves the use of viruses, bacteria, and other germs (Gann, 2019).

HOW HAS BIOTERRORISM BEEN USED THROUGHOUT HISTORY? -In early history, bioterrorism involved the use of plagues and smallpox as weapons for mankind. In more recent events anthrax was used intentionally to spread panic and cause numerous deaths (Gann, 2019). 2.ANTHRAX A. Research Programs i. By the early 1930s development of nationally funded research programs studying biological warfare began ii. In the Japanese culture a program consisting of human trials using disease causing agents such as Anthrax iii. In response to Japan’s bioresearch, others began research in fear the Japanese would have an advantage in military bioresearch iv. 1942 the British in Scotland discover anthrax can be dispersed through explosive devices and survive for decades through biowarfare research conclusions v. 1943 The US joins the biowarfare research movement in Fort Dietrich vi. 1969 The United States President Nixon rejects the use of biological weapons in the WHAT IS ANTHRAX? -an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis , most commonly occurs in soil affecting humans and animals (2020). What are the types of Anthrax and what body systems do the affect? -Cutaneous Anthrax: most common form. Anthrax enters the skin, typically through an open wound such as a cut or scrape by coming in contact with a surface or animal infected with anthrax. Affects the tissue and skin around the infection site (2020). 2

-Inhalation Anthrax: most deadly form. Affects the lymph nodes and chest before spreading to the rest of the body (2020). -Gastrointestinal anthrax: rarely reported in the US. Affect the throat, esophagus, stomach and intestines (2020). -Injection Anthrax: Never reported in US. Affects skin and muscle surrounding injection site (2020). Who is at risk for exposure to Anthrax? -Laboratory technicians and professionals, handlers of animal products, handlers of mail, military personnel, travelers, and response workers (2020). What are the symptoms of Anthrax? -Based on the type of anthrax infection symptoms can vary. However common symptoms include blisters, skin sores, chills, cough, fever, body aches, sweats, pain when swallowing, stomach pain, swelling at site, and redness in the face or eyes (2020). What is the threat of exposure to Anthrax in the United States? -Due to its undetectable nature such as no smell or distinct scent or taste, it could easily be released into the air to expose people to (2020). How is exposure to Anthrax prevented? 3

- Vaccination is available to at risk-groups such as laboratory workers and military personnel. When traveling to an area where Anthrax is common avoid raw meat, handling animal products and contact with the livestock (2020). What treatment is available for Anthrax? - Antitoxins and antibiotics are available for treatment (2020) How can you be prepared for exposure to Anthrax? Exposure can easily go undetected. However preventative measures can implement which includes avoiding raw meats, handling animal products and contact with livestock. Antibiotics and antitoxins are available for suspected exposure (2020). 3. PLAGUE A. Flea infested rats contributed to the spread of the outbreak B. Japan’s mission was to use biological warfare as form of attack, including the use of plagues C. Using bombs of flea infested rats over China, Japan spread the plague D. The US research surrounding the plague but never engaged it as a weapon fully What is plague? - Disease caused by yersinia pestsis bacterium located in rodents and their fleas (2018). How is plague transmitted? 4

- The bacterium particles can be inhaled (2018). What are the signs and symptoms of plague? - Weakness, shortness of breath, fever, cough, chest pain, pneumonia that develops quickly, and bloody or watery sputum (2018). What is the threat of exposure to plague in the United States? - Average of five to fifteen cases per year, the bacterium agent can be found in nature and several biological supply houses (2018). How is exposure to plague prevented? - Avoid close contact with others, use tight fitting disposable masks, if faced with exposure risk to a infected person seek antibiotic treatment (2018) How is plague diagnosed? - Testing of the patients’ blood, sputum or lymph node aspirate (2018) What treatment is available for plague? -antibiotics (2018) How can you be prepared for exposure to plague? 5

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