Lab 10
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University of Cincinnati, Clermont College *
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Subject
Biology
Date
Jun 3, 2024
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11
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PhysioEx Lab Report
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology
Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone
Name: Chrissy Alden
Date: 26 May 2024
Session ID: session-c37cafcb-117f-b3a0-93ec-d7483728055e
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.
Experiment Results
Predict Questions
Which of the following statements about metabolism is false
?
You correctly answered: All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
1
Thyroxine is
You correctly answered: the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body
temperature.
2
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is
You correctly answered: produced in the pituitary gland.
3
An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: goiter development.
4
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is
You correctly answered: secreted by the hypothalamus.
5
Which of the following statements is true?
You correctly answered: The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of
other hormones.
6
Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared
with the BMR of the normal rat you just measured.
Your answer: The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat's BMR.
1
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats?
Your answer: The thyroidectomized rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
2
Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats?
Your answer: The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
3
Stop & Think Questions
Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the
attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked
together to form thyroxine). What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats?
Your answer: The thyroidectomized rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
4
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 432 ml O
/hr.
1
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 108 ml O
/kg/hr.
2
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 378 ml O
/hr.
3
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 92.61 ml O
/kg/hr.
4
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 378 ml O
/hr.
5
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 92.61 ml O
/kg/hr.
6
2
2
2
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800).
The normal rat is
You correctly answered: euthyroid.
7
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800).
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
8
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800).
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
9
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 504 ml O
/hr.
10
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 126 ml O
/kg/hr.
11
2
2
2
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Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 474 ml O
/hr.
12
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 116.13 ml O
/kg/hr.
13
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 468 ml O
/hr.
14
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 114.66 ml O
/kg/hr.
15
2
2
2
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
The normal rat is
You correctly answered: hyperthyroid.
16
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is
You correctly answered: hyperthyroid.
17
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is
You correctly answered: hyperthyroid.
18
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine?
You correctly answered: None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection.
19
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 480 ml O
/hr.
20
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 120 ml O
/kg/hr.
21
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 384 ml O
/hr.
22
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 94.08 ml O
/kg/hr.
23
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
24
2
2
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 462 ml O
/hr.
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 113.19 ml O
/kg/hr.
25
2
2
2
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
The normal rat is
You correctly answered: hyperthyroid.
26
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
27
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is
You correctly answered: hyperthyroid.
28
Which of the rats did not develop a goiter after injection with TSH?
You correctly answered: the thyroidectomized rat.
29
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 372 ml O
/hr.
30
2
2
2
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Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 93 ml O
/kg/hr.
31
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 372 ml O
/hr.
32
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 91.14 ml O
/kg/hr.
33
2
2
2
Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O
consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O
/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour.
You answered: 372 ml O
/hr.
34
2
2
2
Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic
rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data
from grams to kilograms to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O
/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O
/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate.
You answered: 91.14 ml O
/kg/hr.
35
2
2
2
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
36
Experiment Data
Rat
Weight (g)
ml O
/min
ml O
/hr
BMR (ml
O /kg/hr)
Palpation
Injected
Normal
250
7.2
432.00
1728.00
No Mass
none
Tx
245
6.3
378.00
1542.86
No Mass
none
Hypox
245
6.3
378.00
1542.86
No Mass
none
Normal
250
8.4
504.00
2016.00
No Mass
thyroxine
Tx
245
7.9
474.00
1934.69
No Mass
thyroxine
Hypox
245
7.8
468.00
1910.20
No Mass
thyroxine
Normal
250
8.0
480.00
1920.00
Mass
TSH
Tx
245
6.4
384.00
1567.35
No Mass
TSH
Hypox
245
7.7
462.00
1885.71
Mass
TSH
Normal
250
6.2
372.00
1488.00
Mass
PTU
Tx
245
6.2
372.00
1518.37
No Mass
PTU
Hypox
245
6.2
372.00
1518.37
No Mass
PTU
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 71% by answering 5 out of 7 questions correctly.
The normal rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
37
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid
(low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or
hyperthyroid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is
You correctly answered: hypothyroid.
38
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU?
You correctly answered: the normal rat.
39
2
2
2
How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal?
You correctly answered: Provide the animal T
supplements.
1
4
As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectomized rat, what would be an expected symptom?
2
Review Sheet Results
You correctly answered: decreased basal metabolic rate.
An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: hyperthyroidism.
3
Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection?
Your answer: In all cases, negative feedback mechanisms were impaired.
Correct answer: In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection.
4
Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection?
You correctly answered: The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated.
5
An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: goiter development.
6
Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection?
Your answer: The amount of T
secretion by the thyroid gland became excessive.
Correct answer: The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH.
7
4
Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates
Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Your answer:
The normal rat had the highest recorded BMR with a shot of thyroxine.
1
Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the
results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
The surgically altered rats were deficient in a thyroid and a pituitary so they are going to be naturally lower.
2
If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood?
Your answer:
T4 Thyroxine.
3
If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to observe in the hormone levels in its
body?
Your answer:
I would expect to see low hormone levels.
4
Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR?
5
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Your answer:
The rat became hyperthyroidic but did not develop a goiter.
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
The thyroidectomized rat did become hyperthyroidic yet did not develop a goiter.
6
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this
case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just
right?
Your answer:
The thyroidectomized rat did become hyperthyroidic. no goiter was present.
7
Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
The effects were hyperthyroidism for there but there was no goiter.
8
What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
Your answer:
On TSH injections, the thyroidectomized rat BMR was low, indicating hypothyroid. Conversely, it caused the normal rat to have a hyperthyroid and a goiter.
9
What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
TSH injections in a hypophysectomized rat caused hyperthyroidism and goiter.
10
Part 4: Determining the Effect of Propylthiouracil on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) injections on the normal rat's BMR? Why did this rat develop a
palpable goiter?
Your answer:
The PTU injection in the normal rat resulted in a hypothyroid and goiter. The rat developed a goiter due to the drug-inhibiting iodine and tyrosine and the follicle cells becoming overwhelmed.
11
What was the effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
Your answer:
12
The rat became hypothyroidic but no mass.
What was the effect of PTU injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
Your answer:
The thyroidectomized rat did become hypothyroidic but did not develop a goiter. The normal rat was a lower number of hypothyroid than the thyroidectomy rat.
13
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