Copy of 10a. Anthropology and Behaviour Textbook Questions

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Sheridan College *

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1010

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Anthropology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Anthropology and Behaviour Your task: Read p. 152-165 and answer the following questions. Physical anthro and 3 field 1. People’s behaviour has a lot to do with what they know or what their culture has taught them. 2. To understand why people behave the way they do, we must understand their worldview. 3. Define technological diffusion : Technological diffusion is the adoption by one culture of a technology invented by another culture. To be adopted into the culture, the innovation must become known, be accepted by many people, and fit into an existing system of knowledge. 4. Identify two recent research studies that have been examining digital technology’s impact on cultures and subcultures: • hacker or blogger culture • The greater popularity of instant messaging and texting over cell phones among teens • The culture of online poker • reasons that Google is unpopular in China • The effect of laptops on doctor-patient interactions • Cultures of digital immigrants and digital natives 5. True or False: Language and culture are not intimately tied together. FALSE 6. What is the Sapir-Wolf hypothesis? The Sapir-Wharf hypothesis is the theory that language not only labels reality but also shapes our cultural reality. Since people think in a language, the way the language is structured can influence their thoughts. If there is a word for a concept in one language that doesn't exist in another language, then people who have that word might be more likely to think of the concept more often. 7. Colour perception is another area where language and culture intersect. 8. Define euphemism : a word or set of words used to indirectly describe an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept or idea in a socially acceptable way 9. True or False: Body language is probably one of the most important areas of communication, especially for anthropologists. TRUE 10. Why are greetings often complicated? The French are famous for kissing one another on the cheek, but there are rules for doing so. One must never kiss the actual cheek, but the air beside it. Women kiss one another on the cheek and men may kiss women, but men do not kiss one another. In

some regions, people give two kisses; others give three or four. Sometimes the number of kisses depends on your degree of intimacy or friendship with the other person. The way we greet people can communicate very powerful messages about who we are and the nature of the relationship between individuals. Gestures are often misinterpreted due to cultural differences. For example, the OK sign and the "thumbs-up" gestures in North America are generally positive, but in many other countries, these gestures can be very rude and equivalent to the middle-finger gesture. Eye contact in general Canadian society is usually accepted and encouraged. Avoiding eye contact is generally seen as a sign of deception or evasion. Among many First Nation peoples, however, avoiding eye contact with a teacher or parent is polite while making eye contact with an authority figure is rude and aggressive. Distance between speakers varies enormously by culture as well. 11. Distance between speakers varies enormously by culture as well. 12. Why are foragers one of the most studied groups in anthropology? They tend to be more mobile to access the resources that change with the seasons. For example, Canada's Aboriginal peoples of the subarctic, such as the Mistassini Cree in the 1970s would normally hunt and fish intensively in the fall and winter, and gather berries and participate in cash-generating activities, such as guiding, in the summer. They moved to different camps in the summer, fall, and winter to take advantage of the resources available. 13. Define reciprocity : an economic system of formal and informal sharing among members of a society to distribute resources fairly 14. What are horticultural societies? Horticultural societies practise agriculture but without irrigating or cultivating the soil. The people in these societies generally use up the soil in one area for a few years and then move to a new area. 15. Many horticultural societies use the economic system of redistribution. Define redistribution : an economic system of collecting resources centrally and handing them out them among members of a society 16. Once people stopped moving so much, they started to irrigate and fertilize their fields, which led to surplus crops. 17. Industrial societies have less than the majority of the population working to produce the food and goods needed for subsistence, with most people working in wage labour. 18. Define wage labour : work for which wages are paid

19. Since the 1970’s, Canada has had a postindustrial economy. In this economy, a majority of the population does not work for subsistence or in the economy producing things; rather, most people work in the service sector, producing information or providing a service. 20. Define globalization : the process by which economies, societies, and cultures become integrated through a worldwide network 21. True or False: The world has become more connected through the integration of our economies and financial systems, our cultures, and technology. TRUE 22. What are some of the positive effects of globalization? The world has become more connected through the integration of our economies and financial systems, our cultures, and technology. What we're able to buy, how we can buy things, and how we speak to people around the world have all been affected by globalization. From sweatshops to fast food, from technology to education, globalization has a dramatic effect on everyone 23. How has globalization affected industry? There are now worldwide production markets and trade. People now have access to products made throughout the world and can obtain products previously only available in other countries, adapting the product to suit their unique needs. 24. True or False: Globalization has not allowed us to make products and tools that are more complex. FALSE

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Copy of 10a. Anthropology and Behaviour Textbook Questions

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