Comparative Osteology: Tooth Function and Locomotion Insights

Comparative Osteology Tooth Function and Diet Specimen Mechanical Function Likely Diet A Shearing Vegetation B Cutting, grinding Nuts and fruits C Puncture insects D Cutting, grinding Nuts and fruits E Tearing Meat

Dental Formula Please provide the dental formula of the following specimen 3:1:3:3 2:1:2:3 2:1:3:3 What Teeth do you use? Fill out the following chart of foods and think of what teeth you use of your dentition. Sunflower seeds Carrots Beef Jerky Spinach/Lettuce Whole Apple Sunflower Seed in the shell Use of anterior dentition (yes/no) no yes yes Yes yes no Use of posterior dentition (yes/no) yes yes yes yes yes yes What functional tooth category is best? Crushing/grinding Crushing /grinding Tearing Shearing Crushing Puncture

(refer to the slides) Locomotion Using yourself as an example look at locomotion. *Stand Up* 1) What is your base of support? Our base of support is two feet 2) How can you make the support wider? I can make it wider by widening my stance 3) How is your base of support different than that of a gorilla? A gorilla often uses all four limbs as a base of support 4) If you knew someone was about to push you over what would you do to prevent yourself from falling? (Just with your support-*not pushing back  ) I would widen my stance to prevent from being pushed over. Measuring Non-Human Primate Bones Using the measurements provided complete the chart to determine the type of locomotion. A B C D E (Human) Humerus (cm) 2.0 1.6 2.4 0.7 2.4 Radius (cm) 2.7 1.4 2.5 1.5 1.8 Brachial index 135 87.5 104 214 75 Femur (cm) 1.6 2.2 2.8 2.0 3.3 Tibia (cm) 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.7 Crural index 62.5 90.9 89.3 100 81.8 Intermembral 180.8 71.4 92.5 55 70

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

index Please use the following formulas to get the Brachial index, Crural index and Intermembral index. Brachial Index (Radius length / Humerus length) x 100 Crural index (Tibia length / Femur length) x 100 Intermembral index (Humerus + Radius length ) / (Femur + Tibia length) X 100 Images of locomotion. What do you estimate the locomotion is for each of the five specimens? A. Suspension/brachiation B. Arboreal quadrupedalism C. Terrestral quadrupedalism D. Arboreal leaper E. bipedaliism Review Questions of Comparative Osteology 1) What are homologous features? Give an example of these types of features. Homolegous features are features that are passed down from a common ancestor. An example is tails in monkeys. 2) What are analogous features? Give an example of these types of features. Analogous features are similar adaptations due to similar conditions and not descended from a common ancestor. An example of this is dolphins and sharks having similar features but not having a common ancestor. 3) Features that have undergone a lot of change since the ancestor are known as derived. 4) Features that are similar to the ancestors are known as ancestral.

5) What are the five things we can learn from teeth? a. Evolutionary Relationship b. Diet c. Age d. Sex e. Health 6) What is mastication? Mastication is grinding or crushing food with teeth. 7) Name the four functional categories of teeth. a. Incisors b. Canines c. Premolars d. Molars 8) What are the five forms of locomotion? a. Arboreal quadrupedalism b. Terrestrial quadrupedalism c. Suspension/brachiation d. Arboreal leaper e. Bipedalism

Comparative Osteology Lab

Related Documents