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Anthropology

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Feb 20, 2024

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# 14 Typology quiz (Graded Exercise, 20 points) Dr. Matney emailed you a photograph of the five tokens that were found on Friday morning’s “gumshoe survey” [by which you figure he means an unsystematic or unplanned survey; others might call this an “expedient” survey]. With your background reading, you should be able to start the use of typology . Typology is a core concept. It refers to the process by which archaeologists arrange artifacts into meaningful groups, called types . 1. Using the typology established by Dr. MacGinnis and his colleagues in “Artefacts of Cognition”, assign each of the five tokens (labeled a‐e) found on the Ziyaret Tepe surface survey into a specific type. (5 points) Token (a): Token (b): Token (c): Token (d): Token (e): 2. Which kind of attribute (as defined by Ashmore and Sharer) was primarily used by MacGinnis and his colleagues in the formulation of the token typology presented in “Artefacts of Cognition”? (choose one) (2 points) a. stylistic type b. form type c. technological type d. spatial type e. temporal type 3. Briefly list three possible explanations given by MacGinnis and his colleagues for the function of the tokens found at Ziyaret Tepe? (6 points) a. b.

c. 4. Are MacGinnis and his colleagues trying to create an emic or an etic classification (as defined by Ashmore and Sharer) of the tokens? Briefly explain your answer in a few sentences. (3 points) 5. According to Sharer and Ashmore __________________________________ include “characteristics of the raw materials used to manufacture artifacts… and any characteristics that reflect the way the artifact was manufactured”. (2 points) a. stylistic attributes b. form attributes c. technological attributes d. qualitative attributes e. popular attributes 6. According to MacGinnis and his colleagues, the use of tokens as administrative and economic recording devises ended as soon as writing was invented. Clay tablets with the Assyrian language written in cuneiform characters replaced tokens completely since writing was more efficient. (2 points) a. true b. false

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