Week 6 Case Study COPD
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Anatomy
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Jan 9, 2024
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Week 6 Case Study COPD
1.
Ventilation and breathing are different because they do different things. In the lungs and
cells, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in a complicated process called
respiration. On the other hand, ventilation is the flow of air, which makes it easier for air
to move between the lungs and the outside world. Also, it's important to know that
ventilation is the physical process of getting air in and out of the lungs, while respiration
is the process by which gases are traded inside the body.
2.
The establishment of a pressure gradient between the outside environment and the alveoli
is crucial to the ventilation process.
One common name for the net force that comes from
a pressure gradient is the "pressure gradient force." This force is directed from areas of
higher pressure to those of lower pressure. One of the most important factors in starting
air movement is the pressure gradient force, which is directed from high to low pressure
(Pressure Gradient Force: Directed From High to Low Pressure, n.d. 2010). Atmospheric
pressure, which includes both the pressure inside the alveoli and the pressure outside the
pleural cavity, is the primary variable that controls the rate of ventilation.
3.
Three separate sets of muscles are needed for breathing. The outermost, innermost, and
intercostal muscles are the three varieties of intercostal muscles.
4.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as COPD, is an illness that affects the
lungs and causes airflow to become restricted. Ventilatory limitation in COPD is largely a
function of expiratory flow limitation, which may prevent the lungs from emptying to the
relaxation volume during breathing (Loring et, al, 2009). COPD makes it harder to
breathe because it lowers vital capacity, which is the most air that a person can take in
and out with the most effort. When lung resistance goes up, it gets harder to breathe. It
gets hard to fully exhale because air gets stuck in the lungs. It's hard for the diaphragm to
contract properly when the lungs stay swollen for a long time. Finally, gas exchange
slows down. This means that less oxygen enters the bloodstream, and more carbon
dioxide stays there.
5.
Many patients report feeling more at ease and supported when they adopt the tripod
position. Leaning forward somewhat while supporting your arms properly is part of the
process, whether you're sitting or standing. The diaphragm can move forward and
downward with the help of this function. Patients may feel less strain when breathing and
less pain as a result of this specific intervention's goal of stabilizing the chest region.
Loring, S. H., Garcia-Jacques, M., & Malhotra, A. (2009). Pulmonary characteristics in COPD
and mechanisms of increased work of breathing.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. :
1985)
,
107
(1), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2009
Pressure Gradient Force: directed from high to low pressure. (n.d.).
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/pgf.rxml#:~:text=The%20change%20in
%20pressure%20measured,the%20%22pressure%20gradient%20force%22.&text=The
%20pressure%20gradient%20force%20is,the%20initial%20movement%20of%20air.
Saladin, K. S. (2020). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (9th ed.).
McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781260791563
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