Anatomy Lab Homework 4+5 (1)
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CUNY College of Staten Island *
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Course
150
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
9
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Page 109-110, Pre-lab Questions:
1.
Which of the following tissues is not part of a bone as an organ?
Answer: muscle
2.
The organic matter of a living bone includes.
Answer: collagen fibers and cells
3.
The ____ is an example of a sesamoid bone.
Answer: patella
4.
The epiphyseal plate represents the.
Answer: growth zone of hyaline cartilage
5.
The central canal of a bone osteon contains?
Answer: blood vessels and nerves
6.
A ____ is an example of an irregular bone
Answer: vertebra
7.
A femur includes both compact and spongy bone tissues.
Answer: true
8.
Chicken bones, with both organic and inorganic components, possess the quality of
tensile strength.
Answer: true
9.
Trabeculae are structural characteristics of compact bones.
Answer: false
Page 117, Part A:
1.
A bone that has a wide surface is classified as a ____ bone.
Answer: flat
2.
The bones of the wrist are examples of ____ bones.
Answer: short
3.
The bone of the thigh is an example of ____ bones.
Answer: irregular
4.
Vertebrae are examples of ____ bones.
Answer: irregular
5.
The patella is an example of a special kind of bone called ____ bone.
Answer: sesamoid
6.
The bones of the skull that form a protective covering for the brain are examples of ____
bones.
Answer: flat
7.
Distinguish between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a long bone.
Answer: The epiphysis is located at the end of the bone, while the diaphysis is located in
the middle.
8.
Describe where cartilage is found on the surface of a long bone. What function does
cartilage serve in this location?
Answer: The end of the bone prevents friction and can act as a cushion.
9.
Why doesn't the periosteum cover the articular cartilage of a long bone?
Answer: This is where tendons and ligaments attach to the bone.
Page 117-118, Part B:
1.
Distinguish between the locations and tissues of the periosteum and those of the
endosteum.
Answer: The periosteum is dense irregular tissue found around the bone, while the
endosteum is a reticular connective tissue found around the medullary cavity.
2.
What structural differences did you note between the compact bone and spongy bone?
Answer: The spongy bone has less bone matrix but more space due to the trabeculae,
while the compact bone has more bone matrix but less space due to the osteons.
3.
How are these structural differences related to the locations and functions of these two
types of bone?
Answer: The spongy bone is surrounded by compact bone, while the compact bone is
rigid and solid.
4.
From your observations, how does the marrow in the medullary cavity compare with the
marrow in the space of the spongy bone?
Answer: The medullary cavity contains yellow bone marrow, while the spaces of the
spongy bone contain red bone marrow.
Page 118, Part C:
1.
Red bone marrow
2.
Yellow bone marrow
3.
Periosteum
4.
Compact bone
5.
Epiphyseal line
6.
Spongy bone
7.
Articular cartilage
Page 119, Part C:
1.
Epiphysis (distal)
2.
Diaphysis
3.
Epiphysis (proximal)
4.
Medullary cavity
5.
Compact bone
6.
Spongy bone
1.
Spongy bone
2.
Trabeculae
3.
Compact bone
4.
Perforating canal
5.
Osteon
6.
Concentric lamella
7.
Periosteum
Page 121-122, Pre-lab questions:
1.
The vertebral column does not include a?
Answer: rib
2.
The ____ bone is part of the pectoral girdle.
Answer: scapula
3.
A ____ is a shallow depression on a bone.
Answer: trochanter
4.
A ____ is a shallow depression on a bone.
Answer: fossa
5.
Bones that might form in the skull, but are not considered in the total number, are?
Answer: sutural bones
6.
The ____ is a bone in the upper limb
Answer: ulna
7.
A bone in the lower limb is the?
Answer: femur
8.
A ____ is a depression type of bone feature (bone marking)
Answer: sulcus
9.
The bones of the skull, face, neck, and trunk make up the appendicular skeleton.
Answer: false
Page 127, Part A:
1.
Skull (cranial and facial bones)
2.
Clavicle
3.
Sternum
4.
Ribs
5.
Vertebrae
6.
Hip bone
7.
Femur
8.
Patella
9.
Tibia
10. Tarsals
11. Metatarsals
Page 129, Part B:
1.
Hip bone
2.
Sternum
3.
Sacrum
4.
Fibula
5.
Ulna
6.
Scapula
7.
Radius
8.
Clavicle
9.
Humerus
10. Patella
11. Femur
12. Tibia
13. Rib
Page 130, Part D:
1.
The extra bones that sometimes develop between the flat bones are called?
Answer: suture
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2.
Small bones occurring in some tendons in the hand or foot are called?
Answer: sesamoid
3.
The cranium and facial bones compose the?
Answer: skull
4.
The ____ bone supports the tongue
Answer: hyoid
5.
The ____ at the inferior end of the sacrum is composed of several fused vertebrae.
Answer: coccyx
6.
Most ribs are attached anteriorly to the ____.
Answer: sternum
7.
The thoracic cage is composed of ____ pairs of ribs.
Answer: 12
8.
The scapulae and clavicles together form the ____ girdle.
Answer: pectoral girdle.
9.
Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
Answer: sternum
10. Each wrist is composed of eight bones called?
Answer: carpals
11. The hip bones (coxal bones) are attached posteriorly to?
Answer: sacrum
12. The ____ bone covers the anterior surface of the knee.
Answer: patella
13. The bones that articulate with the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are called?
Answer: tarsals
14. All finger and toe bones are called?
Answer: phalanges
Page 131-132, Pre-lab questions.
1.
The ____ is a skull bone that is not interlocked along sutures.
Answer: mandible
2.
Sinuses include all of the following functions except?
Answer: attachment sites for muscles.
3.
The ____ bone serves for tongue and larynx muscle attachments.
Answer: hyoid
4.
Which of the following is a facial bone?
Answer: nasal
5.
The ____ suture is located between the two parietal bones.
Answer: sagittal
6.
The two bones that make up the nasal septum are the ____
Answer: vomer and ethmoid
7.
The mastoid process, jugular foramen, and the external acoustic meatus are features of
the ____ bone.
Answer: temporal
8.
A ____ lightens the skull and acts to warm and humidify the air.
Answer: paranasal sinus
9.
Foramina, canals, and fissures serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
Answer: true
10. The jugular foramen is larger than the forearm magnum.
Answer: false
Page 143, Part B:
1.
Forms sagittal, coronal, squamous, and lambdoid sutures - parietal bone
2.
Cribiform plate - ethmoid bone
3.
Crista galli - ethmoid bone
4.
External acoustus meatus - temporal bone
5.
Foramen magnum - occipital bone
6.
Mandibular fossa - temporal bone
7.
Mastoid process - temporal bone
8.
Middle nasal concha - ethmoid bone
9.
Occipital condyle - occipital bone
10. Sella turcica - sphenoid bone
11. Styloid process -temporal bone
12. Supraorbital foramen - frontal bone
Page 143, Part C:
1.
The ____ suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones.
Answer: coronal
2.
The parietal bones are firmly interlocked along the midline by the ____ suture.
Answer: sagittal
3.
The ____ suture joins the parietal bones to the occipital bone.
Answer: lambodial
4.
The temporal bones are joined to the parietal bones along the____ sutures.
Answer: squamous
5.
Name the three cranial bones that contain sinuses.
Answer: frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid.
6.
Name a facial bone that contains a sinus.
Answer: maxillary bone
7.
Name six cranial bones that are visible on a lateral view of the skull.
Answer: parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal, zygomatic, and sphenoid.
Page 145, Pre- Lab Questions:
1.
The most superior bone of the vertebral column.
Answer: atlas
2.
The vertebral column possesses?
Answer: four curvatures
3.
Humans have ____ pairs of true ribs.
Answer: 7
4.
The ____ ribs do not have costal cartilage attachments to the sternum.
Answer: floating
5.
Humans possess ____ cervical vertebrae.
Answer: 7
6.
The superior end of the sacrum articulates with the?
Answer: fifth lumbar vertebrae
7.
The anterior (sternal) end of a rib articulates with thoracic vertebrae.
Answer: false
8.
All cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae possess a vertebral foramen.
Answer: true
9.
A feature of the second cervical vertebrae is the dens.
Answer: true
Page 156, Part C:
1.
The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process forms a bone called?
Answer: sternum
2.
The last two pairs of the ribs that have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum are sometimes
called?
Answer: floating
3.
There are
____ pairs of ribs.
Answer: 7
4.
Costal cartliages are composed of ____ tissue.
Answer: hyaline
5.
The manubrium articulates with the ____ on its superior border.
Answer: clavicles
6.
List three general functions of the thoracic cage.
Answer: helps us breathe, supports the bones of the shoulder girdle and arm, protects the
heart, lungs, and some abdominal organs.
7.
The sternal angel indicates the location of the ____ pair of ribs
Answer: second
Page 156, Part D:
1.
Jugular notch
2.
Manubirum
3.
Sternum
4.
Floating rib
5.
Clavicle notch
6.
Sternal angle
7.
True rib
8.
Costal cartilage of true rib
9.
Xiphoid process
10. Clavicular cartilage of false rib
Page 163, Part A:
1.
The pectoral girdle is an incomplete ring because it is open between the?
Answer: scapulae
2.
The medial end of a clavicle articulates with the ____ of the sternum.
Answer: manubrium
3.
The lateral end of a clavicle articulates with the ____ process of the scapula.
Answer: clavicle
4.
The ____ is a bone that serves as a brace between the sternum and scapula
Answer: clavicle
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5.
The ____ divides the scapula into unequal portions.
Answer: spine
6.
The lateral tip of the shoulder is the ____ of the scapula.
Answer: acromion
7.
Near the lateral end of the scapula, the ____ process of the scapula serves anteriorly and
inferiorly near the clavicle.
Answer: coracoid
8.
The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the ____ of the humorous.
Answer: head
Page 163, Part B:
1.
Acromion
2.
Coracoid process
3.
Spine
4.
Infraspinatus fossa
5.
Medial border
6.
Inferior angle
7.
Glenoid cavity
8.
Lateral border
Page 167, Pre-lab questions
1.
The two hip (coxal) bones articulate anteriorly at the.
Answer: public symphysis
2.
Anatomically, leg refers to the?
Answer: knee to ankle
3.
The ____ is the largest portion of the hip (coxal) bone.
Answer: ilium
4.
The ____ is the lateral bone in the leg.
Answer: fibul
5.
Which of the following bones is not a tarsal bone?
Answer: metatarsal
6.
The two bones that articulate to form the sacroiliac join are the sacrum and the?
Answer: ilium
7.
The ilium, ischium, and pubis are separate bones in a young child.
Answer: true
8.
Ischial spines, ischial tuberosities, and iliac crests are closer together in a pelvis of a
female than a male.
Answer: false
9.
Each digit of a foot has three phalanges.
Answer: false
Page 173, Part A:
1.
The pelvic girdle consists of two?
Answer: coxal bones
2.
The head of the femur articulates with the ____ of the hip bone.
Answer: acetabulum
3.
The ____ is the largest portion of the hip bone.
Answer: ilium
4.
The distance between ____ represents the shorter diameter of the pelvic outlet.
Answer: ischial spines
5.
The pubic bones come together anteriorly to form a cartliaginous joint called?
Answer: pubic symphysis.
6.
The ____ is the superior margin of the ilium that causes the prominence of the hip.
Answer: iliac crest
7.
When a person sits, the ____ of the ischium supports the weight of the body.
Answer: ischial tuberosity
8.
The angle formed by the pubic bones below the public symphysis is called?
Answer: pubic arch
9.
The ____ is the largest foramen in the skeleton.
Answer: obturator foramen
10. The ilium joins the sacrum at the ____ joint.
Answer: sacroiliac
Page 173, Part B:
1.
Femur - lesser trochanter, fovea capitis, linea aspera
2.
Fibula - lateral malleolus
3.
Metatarsals - five bones that form the instep
4.
Patella - sesamoid bone
5.
Phalanges - middle phalanx
6.
Tarsals - calcaneus, lateral cuneiform, talus
7.
Tibia - medial mallelous, tibial tuberosity
Page 177-178 , Pre-lab questions:
1.
Development of the embryo and fetus progresses from?
Answer: cephalic toward caudal
2.
The last fontanel to close is the?
Answer: anterior
3.
Fontanels function for all of the follow except?
Answer: formation of the vertebrae
4.
Measurements of height after 20 weeks of development are from?
Answer: crown to heel
5.
The anterior fontanel involves all of the following bones except the?
Answer: occipital bone
6.
The occipital bone forms from intramembraneous ossification.
Answer: true
7.
The upper and lower limb bones develop from intramembraneous ossification.
Answer: false
8.
The skeleton of a newborn baby consists of fewer than 206 bones.
Answer: false
Page 181, Part A:
1.
List all of the bones that form part of the border with the mastoid fontanel.
Answer: occipital, temporal, and parietal
2.
List all of the bones that form part of the border with the sphenoid fontanel.
Answer: frontal, parietal, and temporal
3.
List all of the bones that form part of the border with the posterior fontanel.
Answer: parietal and occipital
4.
List all of the bones that form part of the border with the anterior fontanel.
Answer: parietal and frontal
5.
Describe the function of fontanels.
Answer: allows compression of the cranium during vaginal delivery, as well as brain and
bone growth.
6.
What is the final outcome of fontanels?
Answer: they ossify and become sutures
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