HBS109 AT1 Template3

HBS109 AT1: Study skills & scientific communication Deakin University HBS109 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Trimester 2, 2023 AT1: Study skills and scientific communication Student ID number: Due date: 8:00PM, AEST Thursday 30 November 2023 How to Submit: Assignment Folder on CloudDeakin Total number of marks: This AT is equivalent to 15% of your final grade for this unit. Instructions to students:  Complete all the questions in this document.  Do not delete any part of the document.  Use APA or Vancouver referencing (with in text citations).  Submit the assignment through Turnitin BEFORE you submit to the assignment folder.  Submit a Microsoft Word (.docx) or PDF document. No .pages files accepted.

HBS109 AT1: Study skills & scientific communication Question 1: You are a research scientist and have discovered a new protein which you have termed TRP-y798. It is a soluble protein that is secreted into the bloodstream. Describe the biological process involved in creating this protein referring to the organelles involved. 200 words (including in-text citations) There are many biological processes involved in creating this protein but mRNA transcription is a very important method and it is described as the process of making the RNA copy of a genes DNA sequence which is then called the messenger (mRNA) which carries the genes protein and encode it into the DNA. According to ( Guo J. 2014 ), “transcription, the initial stage in gene expression, is regulated to maintain cell status”. It demonstrates that the cell goes through many stages and transcription keeps a watch on it and determines what stage the cell is in. mRNA translation is another stage that goes through in the cell and it is when an mRNA sequence is read using a genetic code, where the rules are there to understand how an mRNA sequence can be translated into the 20- letter code of amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. It displays that the mRNA sequence is important because it translates the three-base codon into the amino acid in a protein chain. ( Ramazi, S., & Zahiri, J. 2021) conveys that the post translational modification is the addition of biochemical groups, the change in the chemical nature of the amino acids which then changes the structure in the protein. the final stage of creating the protein is secretion where it is used to translocate soluble or membrane-bound proteins to respond to changes in cellular environments or find signals from other cells. Below you will find four sources to help you formulate your response. You must include at least two of these references in your response (you are welcome to use other peer reviewed sources also). Include APA, or Vancouver in-text citations and a reference list. Ensure that you adhere to academic integrity standards by adequately paraphrasing the information. See here for help with referencing. Source 1: E-Textbook “Anatomy and Physiology”. Link here . Source 2: Journal article “Transcription: the epicentre of gene expression”. Link here . Source 3: E-Textbook “Molecular biology of the cell”; 4 th Edition. Link here . Source 4 : journal article “post-translational modifications in proteins: resources, tools and prediction methods. Link here . Question 2: Describe how the body maintains homeostasis of blood pH within a narrow range. Then, describe how hypoventilation leads to a pH outside of homeostasis. You must use at least two peer reviewed sources (journal articles) to support your answer. 200 words (including in-text citations) According to (Jefferies C 2021) The blood pH is controlled by multiple homeostatic mechanisms that includes chemical buffers, respiration and the kidneys. The bicarbonate buffer system can act within seconds to minutes to stabilise changes in pH, while the lungs takes longer while the kidneys take hours or days. Hypoventilation is breathing that is too slow that meets the needs of the body which causes the body’s carbon dioxide level rises which causes a build-up of too much acid and less oxygen in the blood. ( Epstein SK, Singh N 2001) says that “ Respiratory acidosis, or primary hypercapnia, is the acid-base disorder that results from an increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. ” This tells us that it increases the blood pH in the body because it increases CO2 removal and thus pushes the bicarbonate buffer system forming CO2 and H2O while decreasing H+ so that increases the blood ph in the body. Both events have acid-base consequences so hyperventilation eliminates CO2 faster than it being produced. Hyperventilation is not good for the body as you breathe too slowly which means less oxygen going into the body and less carbon dioxide going out of the body so your body needs to accumulate You might want to source this article to help with your answer.