Lab Activity #7
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Palomar College *
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Course
211
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
10
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Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
1
The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles as well as the bones of the upper
and lower extremities which attach to them. In this lab, you will first learn about the general features of
long bones and then practice identifying/recognizing these features throughout the appendicular
skeleton as you learn specific anatomical landmarks on each bone. Where appropriate, you will focus
on anatomical landmarks that allow you to distinguish left/right bones.
Anatomical landmarks that form
articulations are also emphasized.
Like previous skeletal system labs, remember to learn bone
anatomy from three (3) distinct sources, including:
1) real human bones; 2) bone models and 3)
Complete Anatomy representations.
Please see the appendix for a comprehensive list of all landmarks
you are responsible for on the lab practical.
General anatomy of long bones
1. Describe the location of the
epiphysis
on long bones.
How many
epiphyses does a long bone typically have and why are they unique?
2. What anatomical term describes the
bone shaft
?
3. What is the significance of the
metaphysis
?
4. Where is
yellow bone marrow
found versus
red bone marrow
?
5. Identify at least three (3) examples of
long bones
described in the video.
Lab objectives:
1.
Learn the general features of long bones and apply them to the appendicular skeleton
2.
Distinguish between left/right pairs of bones using anatomical landmarks
3.
Locate/recognize major anatomical landmarks found on bones of the appendicular skeleton
4.
Describe the articulations of bones in the appendicular skeleton using anatomical landmarks
5.
Describe the organization of bones that form the hand and foot
6.
Recognize the anatomical features of the pelvis and distinguish between male/female pelvises
Long bone
anatomy
Watch the video and then answer the following questions regarding the
general features of long bones in the appendicular skeleton.
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
2
6. The longest bone in the human body.
7. The lower leg bone that articulates with tarsals in the foot.
8. Bones that form the pectoral girdle.
9. A bone found medially within the forearm in the anatomical position.
10. An example of a sesamoid bone.
11. A bone in the forearm that articulates with carpals in the hand.
12. Bones that form the pelvic girdle.
13. A bone that contains one head and two necks.
14. A bone found laterally within the lower leg.
15. How many
phalanges
are found:
a. in
one hand
?
b. in
one foot
?
c. in the
appendicular skeleton
?
Scapula anatomy
16. Using anatomical landmarks on the scapula, describe one way to distinguish the
posterior
surfac
e from the
anterior surface
.
17. Describe a simple way to distinguish a
left/right scapula
using directional terminology and
appropriate anatomical landmarks found on the scapula.
Word Bank
Humerus
Tibia
Clavicle
Ischium
Fibula
Radius
Pubis
Femur
Ulna
Scapula
Ilium
Patella
Use the word bank below to answer the following statements (6 - 14) regarding bones of the
appendicular skeleton.
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
3
Humerus anatomy
18.
Describe the difference between the
anatomical neck
and
surgical neck
of the humerus.
19.
Identify at least one (1) landmark that is associated solely with each of the locations on the
humerus below:
a.
Proximal epiphysis—
b.
Distal epiphysis—
c.
Diaphysis of the humerus—
d.
Anterior humerus—
e.
Posterior humerus—
20.
Identify the landmarks on the humerus that articulate with the
ulna
during:
a.
Extension
of the forearm
b.
Flexion
of the forearm
21. Describe a simple way to distinguish a
left/right humerus
using directional terminology and
appropriate anatomical landmarks found on the humerus.
Radius & ulna anatomy
22.
Describe the position of the radial and ulnar
head
as well as the
styloid processes
in the
anatomical position.
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Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
4
23. Describe a simple way to distinguish a
left/right radius
using directional terminology and
appropriate anatomical landmarks found on the radius.
24. Describe a simple way to distinguish a
left/right ulna
using directional terminology and
appropriate anatomical landmarks found on the ulna.
Carpals, Metacarpals and phalange anatomy
25. Beginning closest to the thumb, identify the
proximal carpal row
in
sequential order.
26. Beginning closest to the pinky, identify the
distal carpal row
in
sequential order.
27.
Describe a way to distinguish anterior/posterior on an articulated hand.
28.
Metacarpal I is associated with which
finger
?
29.
What is the largest
carpal bone
in the hand?
30.
Metacarpal V is associated with which
finger
?
31.
What carpal bone articulates with
metacarpal I
?
Pelvic bone anatomy
32.
Describe the difference between the
bony pelvis
and
pelvic girdle
.
33. What landmarks collectively form the
pelvic brim
?
34. Describe the location of the
true pelvis
and
false pelvis
in relationship
to the pelvic brim.
Pelvis anatomy:
Hand anatomy:
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
5
35.
Which bones form the
acetabulum
?
Why is this landmark important?
36.
Describe a method for distinguishing a
male
from
female
pelvis using anatomical landmarks.
Femur anatomy
37.
Describe the location of the
fovea capitis
on the femur and its significance.
38. Identify at least one (1) landmark that is associated solely with each of the locations on the femur
below:
a.
Proximal epiphysis—
b.
Distal epiphysis—
c.
Diaphysis of the femur—
d.
Anterior femur—
e.
Posterior femur—
Tibia anatomy
39. What bony landmark on the tibia do you feel on the inside ankle?
40. Describe a simple way to distinguish a
left/right tibia
using directional terminology and
appropriate anatomical landmarks found on the tibia.
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
6
Fibula anatomy
41. What bony landmark on the fibula do you feel on the outside ankle?
42. Identify one (1) landmark that is associated solely with each of the locations on the fibula below:
a. Proximal epiphysis—
b. Distal epiphysis—
Tarsals, metatarsals and phalange anatomy
43.
How many
tarsals
are found in one foot, compared to
carpals
in one
hand?
44. Which tarsal forms the heel?
45.
Which tarsal articulates with the tibia to form the
ankle joint
?
46.
What is the function of
foot arches
?
47.
Identify the bones that form each of the following foot arches:
a.
Lateral arch
—
b.
Medial arch
—
c.
Transverse arch
—
Foot anatomy:
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Lab Activity #7
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7
In the table below, describe the anatomical landmarks on each bone that form the corresponding joint
(left column).
Anatomical Landmarks
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Humeroradial joint
Humeroulnar joint
Radioulnar joint (proximal)
Radioulnar joint (distal)
Radiocarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Acetabulofemoral joint
Tibiofemoral joint
Tibiofibular joint (proximal)
Tibiofibular joint (distal)
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
8
Note:
In addition to learning the landmarks below, you should practice distinguishing left/right forms
of all bones.
Clavicle
Sternal end/extremity
Acromial end/extremity
Scapula
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Supraspinous fossa
Glenoid fossa/cavity
Spine
Infraspinous fossa
Supraglenoid tubercle
Vertebral border
Subscapular fossa
Infraglenoid tubercle
Axillary border
Inferior angle
Superior angle
Humerus
Head
Trochlea
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Deltoid tuberosity
Anatomical neck
Olecranon fossa
Intertubercular sulcus
Greater tubercle
Surgical neck
Lesser tubercle
Medial epicondyle
Ulna
Olecranon process
Radial notch
Trochlear notch
Styloid process
Coronoid process
Head
Radius
Head
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process
Ulnar notch
Carpals
Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Scaphoid
Hamate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Capitate
Appendix:
Appendicular skeleton lab practical checklist
Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
9
Metacarpals.
Distinguish between
metacarpals I-V
.
Phalanges.
Distinguish between the
proximal
,
middle
and
distal
rows of phalanxes.
Pelvic girdle.
Be able to distinguish a
male
and
female
pelvis based on anatomical landmarks.
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
False (greater) pelvis
True (lesser) pelvis/pelvic
inlet
Pelvic outlet
Pelvic brim
Arcuate lines
Pubic arch
Pubic symphysis
Ilium
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Iliac fossa
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Ramus
Pubis
Pubic symphsis
Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
Patella.
No additional features to know.
Femur
Head
Gluteal tuberosity
Fovea capitis
Linea aspera
Neck
Lateral condyles
Medial condyles
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Tibia
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Medial malleolus
Tibial tuberosity
Fibula
Head
Styloid process
Lateral malleolus
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Lab Activity #7
© Cory Lindsay 2022
10
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
Lateral cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsals.
Distinguish between
metatarsals I-V
.
Phalanges.
Distinguish between the
proximal
,
middle
and
distal
rows of phalanxes.