Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter FRP, Problem 3P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed from each of the given acid–base reactions are to be written.

Concept introduction:

舧 Acids are the substance that accepts a proton and form conjugate base.

舧 Bases are the substance that donates a proton and form conjugate acid.

舧 In acid–base reaction, acid and base react to form salt and water.

舧 The chemical reaction in which the hydrogen ions are exchanged between two electrically charged or neutral species is known as an acid-base reaction. In this reaction, the general term used for the product is salt.

舧 When sodium ethoxide reacts with phenol in acidic medium to form sodium phenoxide and ethanol as a side product.

舧 When sodium hydroxide reacts with phenol, formation of sodium phenoxide and water as a side product takes place.

舧 When sodium phenoxide reacts with the hydrochloric acid, formation of phenol and sodium chloride takes place.

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(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Phenol and Benzoic acid(b) How will you bring about the following conversions?(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde (ii) Ethanal to but-2-enal (iii) Propanone to propeneGive complete reaction in each case.
1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia.           (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile?           (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?
(a) Account for the following :(i) Propanal is more reactive than propanone towards nucleophilic reagents.(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:(i) Acetophenone and benzaldehyde(ii) Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate.

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