Chapter FRP, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the compounds A, B, C, and D are to be proposed with proper stereochemistry.

Concept introduction:

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 The reaction in which there is addition of hydrogen molecule is called hydrogenation reaction.

舧 ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{/Pt}$ is a reducing agent, which reduces alkynes to alkanes.

舧 The formula of degree of unsaturation (U) can be represented as

$\frac{2\text{C}+2+\text{N}-\text{X}-\text{H}}{2}$

Here, $\text{C}$ is the number of carbon atoms, $\text{N}$ is the number of nitrogen atoms, $\text{X}$ is the number of halogen atoms, and $\text{H}$ is the number of hydrogen atoms.

舧 Alkyl halides react with magnesium in ethers to give the Grignard reagents, which react with aqueous acid to give alkanes.

舧 Alkyl halides with a β�-hydrogen in anti-periplanar arrangement can react with strong base like sodium ethoxide in ethanol to yield alkenes.

舧 Alkenes react with ozone and subsequently work up with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to yield aldehydes or ketones.