(a) Interpretation: The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided. Concept introduction: Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids. For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring. To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

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Answer 5

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 6

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 7

Chapter E, Problem E.22P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Most of the trivial names of aldehydes are derived from the analogous carboxylic acids.

For a straight chain aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon gets number one. For cyclic aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon cannot be the part of the ring, and thus, it must be present outside the ring.

To write the IUPAC name of a compound, first it is important to determine the highest-priority functional group present that requires a suffix referring to Table E-1. The suffix al is used for aldehydes. Then the main chain or ring is to be determined that contains the highest-priority functional group. The next step is to number the main chain or ring such that carbon atoms involving the highest-priority functional group receive the lowest possible numbers. The locator number for the highest-priority functional group is written immediately before the suffix, unless redundant. All other functional groups in the molecule are treated as substituents and appear in the name as a prefix. Prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc., are used to indicate the number of identical substituents attached. The substituents are named in the alphabetical order.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. E - Prob. E.1P Ch. E - Prob. E.2P Ch. E - Prob. E.3P Ch. E - Prob. E.4P Ch. E - Prob. E.5P Ch. E - Prob. E.6P Ch. E - Prob. E.7P Ch. E - Prob. E.8P Ch. E - Prob. E.9P Ch. E - Prob. E.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the correct IUPAC name for the given trivial name is to be provided.

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