(a) Interpretation: An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide ( Ph − CH 2 − Br ) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [ 18 ] -crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated. Concept introduction: Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place. Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Students have asked these similar questions

From the following potentials, calculate the activity of Cl- in saturated KCl. E0 (calomel electrode)= 0.268 V E (calomel electrode, saturated KCl)= 0.241 V

Calculate the voltage of each of the following cells. a) Fe(s)/Fe2+ (1.55 x 10-2 M)//Cu2+ (6.55 x 10-3 M)/Cu(s) b) Pt, H2 (0.255 bar)/HCl (4.55 x 10-4 M), AgCl (sat'd)/Ag Fe2+ +2e- = Fe E0= -0.44 V Cu2+ + 2e- = Cu E0= 0.337 V Ag+ + e- = Ag E0= 0.799 V AgCl(s) + e- = Ag(s) + Cl- E0= 0.222 V 2H+ + 2e- = H2 E0= 0.000 V

A solution contains 0.097 M Ce3+, 1.55x10-3 M Ce4+, 1.55x10-3 M Mn2+, 0.097 M MnO4-, and 1.00 M HClO4 (F= 9.649 x 104 C/mol). a) Write a balanced net reaction that can occur between species in this solution. b) Calculate deltaG0 and K for the reaction. c) Calculate E and deltaG for the conditions given. Ce4+ + e- = Ce3+ E0= 1.70 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O E0= 1.507 V

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.4P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.9P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that phase-transfer catalysts are compounds that have solubility in both the medias, organic and aqueous media.

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