General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.18QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Bond enthalpy and it used to estimate the heat of reaction relationship has to be explained
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Chapter 9 Solutions
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Represent the transfer of electrons from magnesium...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9.2ECh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.3ECh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.4ECh. 9.2 - The following are electron configurations for some...Ch. 9.3 - Which has the larger radius, S or S2? Explain.Ch. 9.3 - Without looking at Table 9.3, arrange the...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 9.7ECh. 9.5 - Using electronegativities, decide which of the...Ch. 9.6 - Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2, is a gas used as...
Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 9.10ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.11ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.2CCCh. 9.7 - Prob. 9.12ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.13ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.14ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.15ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.3CCCh. 9.10 - Estimate the OH bond length in H2O from the...Ch. 9.10 - Formic acid, isolated in 1670, is the irritant in...Ch. 9.11 - Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - Describe the formation of a sodium chloride...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3QPCh. 9 - Define lattice energy for potassium bromide.Ch. 9 - Why do most monatomic cations of the main-group...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9QPCh. 9 - Draw a potential-energy diagram for a molecule...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18QPCh. 9 - Which of the following contains both ionic and...Ch. 9 - The radii of the species S, S+, and S decrease in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23QPCh. 9 - Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical...Ch. 9 - You land on a distant planet in another universe...Ch. 9 - Which of the following represent configurations of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29QPCh. 9 - For each of the following molecular models, write...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecular formulas, draw...Ch. 9 - Below are three resonance formulas for N2O...Ch. 9 - Lithium, Li, reacts with element X to form an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36QPCh. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the transfer of...Ch. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47QPCh. 9 - Which has the larger radius, N3 or P3? Explain....Ch. 9 - Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic...Ch. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to show the reaction of atoms to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.52QPCh. 9 - Assuming that the atoms form the normal number of...Ch. 9 - Assuming that the atoms form the normal number of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.55QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56QPCh. 9 - Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Decide which of the following bonds is least polar...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.59QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.60QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.61QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following ions: a ClO...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following ions: a...Ch. 9 - Write resonance descriptions for the following: a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.68QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.69QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a XeF2 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a I3 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a BCl3 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a BeF2 b...Ch. 9 - Write a Lewis formula for each of the following,...Ch. 9 - Write a Lewis formula for each of the following,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.77QPCh. 9 - For each of the following, use formal charges to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.79QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.80QPCh. 9 - Calculate the bond length for each of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.82QPCh. 9 - One of the following compounds has a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.84QPCh. 9 - Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate H for...Ch. 9 - A commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs of elements, state...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs of elements, state...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.89QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.90QPCh. 9 - Iodic acid, HIO3, is a colorless, crystalline...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.92QPCh. 9 - Sodium amide, known commercially as sodamide, is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.94QPCh. 9 - Nitronium perchlorate, NO2ClO4, is a reactive salt...Ch. 9 - Solid phosphorus pentabromide, PBr5, has been...Ch. 9 - Write electron-dot formulas for the following: a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.98QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.99QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a AlCl4 b...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.101QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.102QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.103QPCh. 9 - Acetic acid has the structure CH3CO(OH), in which...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.105QPCh. 9 - Methyl nitrite has the structure No attempt has...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.107QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.108QPCh. 9 - Use bond enthalpies to estimate H for the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.110QPCh. 9 - Compare the properties of an ionic material such...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.112QPCh. 9 - Explain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in...Ch. 9 - How did the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel manage to...Ch. 9 - What property of a chemical bond gives rise to the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.116QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.117QPCh. 9 - Calculate the lattice energy of potassium...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.119QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.120QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.121QPCh. 9 - An ion M2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d2, and an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.123QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.124QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.125QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.126QPCh. 9 - Which of the following molecules contains only...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.128QPCh. 9 - Two fourth-period atoms, one of a transition...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.130QPCh. 9 - Draw resonance formulas of the phosphoric acid...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.132QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.133QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.134QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.135QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.136QPCh. 9 - Phosphorous acid. H3PO3, has the structure...Ch. 9 - Hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2, has the structure...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A gaseous compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A liquid compound used in dry cleaning contains...Ch. 9 - A compound of tin and chlorine is a colorless...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.144QPCh. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.146QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.147QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.148QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.149QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.150QP
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- hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardCompare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 of Chapter 3 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?arrow_forward
- When a reaction is exothermic, is the sum of bond energies of products or of reactants greater?arrow_forwardhat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forward
- Which statement(s) is/are true about bond enthalpy? (a) The bond energy for a triple bond between A and B is three times that of a single bond between A and B. (b) H for the breaking of a bond is always a negative number. (c) Energy is required to make a bond. (d) Bond enthalpy is defined only for bonds broken or formed in the gaseous state. (e) The presence of bonds does not influence the geometry of a molecule. However, the presence of bonds affects the value of the bond enthalpy between two atoms.arrow_forwardExplain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forwardEstimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) 3CH2CH3(g) The enthalpies of formation for C6H6(g) and C6H12 (g) are 82.9 and 90.3 kJ/mol. respectively. Calculate H for the two reactions using standard enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4. Account for any differences between the results obtained from the two methods.arrow_forward
- Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardGiven the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, show how the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g) can be used to determine the bond energy.arrow_forward
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