General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.149QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The electronegativity of Chlorine, the value of the ionization energy and the
Concept introduction:
Pauling’s scale is based on an empirical relation among the energy of a bond and the electronegativities of bonded atoms.
Mulliken’s Scale:
According to this method electronegativity could be regarded as the average of the ionization energy and electron affinity of an atom
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Use the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and
ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1.
Bond enthalpy for F2 is
158.8 kJ·mol−1.
Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]
based on the following information calculate the approximate lattice energy of XCl2.X is 3x larger than Na+. The lattice energy for NaCl is 787kj/mole
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt).
Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s)
Lattice energy for XtF2
-2360. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xt
520. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xt
936 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt
180. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.
Chapter 9 Solutions
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Represent the transfer of electrons from magnesium...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9.2ECh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.3ECh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.4ECh. 9.2 - The following are electron configurations for some...Ch. 9.3 - Which has the larger radius, S or S2? Explain.Ch. 9.3 - Without looking at Table 9.3, arrange the...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 9.7ECh. 9.5 - Using electronegativities, decide which of the...Ch. 9.6 - Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2, is a gas used as...
Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 9.10ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.11ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.2CCCh. 9.7 - Prob. 9.12ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.13ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.14ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.15ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.3CCCh. 9.10 - Estimate the OH bond length in H2O from the...Ch. 9.10 - Formic acid, isolated in 1670, is the irritant in...Ch. 9.11 - Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - Describe the formation of a sodium chloride...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3QPCh. 9 - Define lattice energy for potassium bromide.Ch. 9 - Why do most monatomic cations of the main-group...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9QPCh. 9 - Draw a potential-energy diagram for a molecule...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18QPCh. 9 - Which of the following contains both ionic and...Ch. 9 - The radii of the species S, S+, and S decrease in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23QPCh. 9 - Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical...Ch. 9 - You land on a distant planet in another universe...Ch. 9 - Which of the following represent configurations of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29QPCh. 9 - For each of the following molecular models, write...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecular formulas, draw...Ch. 9 - Below are three resonance formulas for N2O...Ch. 9 - Lithium, Li, reacts with element X to form an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36QPCh. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the transfer of...Ch. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47QPCh. 9 - Which has the larger radius, N3 or P3? Explain....Ch. 9 - Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic...Ch. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to show the reaction of atoms to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.52QPCh. 9 - Assuming that the atoms form the normal number of...Ch. 9 - Assuming that the atoms form the normal number of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.55QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56QPCh. 9 - Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Decide which of the following bonds is least polar...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.59QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.60QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.61QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following ions: a ClO...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following ions: a...Ch. 9 - Write resonance descriptions for the following: a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.68QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.69QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a XeF2 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a I3 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a BCl3 b...Ch. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a BeF2 b...Ch. 9 - Write a Lewis formula for each of the following,...Ch. 9 - Write a Lewis formula for each of the following,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.77QPCh. 9 - For each of the following, use formal charges to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.79QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.80QPCh. 9 - Calculate the bond length for each of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.82QPCh. 9 - One of the following compounds has a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.84QPCh. 9 - Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate H for...Ch. 9 - A commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs of elements, state...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs of elements, state...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.89QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.90QPCh. 9 - Iodic acid, HIO3, is a colorless, crystalline...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.92QPCh. 9 - Sodium amide, known commercially as sodamide, is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.94QPCh. 9 - Nitronium perchlorate, NO2ClO4, is a reactive salt...Ch. 9 - Solid phosphorus pentabromide, PBr5, has been...Ch. 9 - Write electron-dot formulas for the following: a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.98QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.99QPCh. 9 - Write Lewis formulas for the following: a AlCl4 b...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.101QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.102QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.103QPCh. 9 - Acetic acid has the structure CH3CO(OH), in which...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.105QPCh. 9 - Methyl nitrite has the structure No attempt has...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.107QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.108QPCh. 9 - Use bond enthalpies to estimate H for the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.110QPCh. 9 - Compare the properties of an ionic material such...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.112QPCh. 9 - Explain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in...Ch. 9 - How did the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel manage to...Ch. 9 - What property of a chemical bond gives rise to the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.116QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.117QPCh. 9 - Calculate the lattice energy of potassium...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.119QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.120QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.121QPCh. 9 - An ion M2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d2, and an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.123QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.124QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.125QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.126QPCh. 9 - Which of the following molecules contains only...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.128QPCh. 9 - Two fourth-period atoms, one of a transition...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.130QPCh. 9 - Draw resonance formulas of the phosphoric acid...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.132QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.133QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.134QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.135QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.136QPCh. 9 - Phosphorous acid. H3PO3, has the structure...Ch. 9 - Hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2, has the structure...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A gaseous compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A liquid compound used in dry cleaning contains...Ch. 9 - A compound of tin and chlorine is a colorless...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.144QPCh. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.146QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.147QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.148QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.149QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.150QP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using the following data, calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride: Ca2+(g) + 2Cl– (g) → CaCl2(s) ΔHlattice = ? Sublimation enthalpy of calcium ΔH = 177.8 kJ/mol First ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 590.2 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 1144.2 kJ/mol First electron affinity of chlorine ΔH = –349 kJ/mol Heat of formation of CaCl2(s) ΔH = –795.4 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 (see Table 2) Use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride. set-up must show all the chemical equations and you must show how their H values add up to give your answer.arrow_forwardCalculate the lattice energy of NaCl(s) using the following thermodynamic data (all data is in kJ/mol). Note that the data given has been perturbed, so looking up the answer is probably not a good idea. Na(s) ΔHsublimation = 88 kJ/mol Na(g) Ionization energy = 476 kJ/mol Cl-Cl(g) Bond energy = 223 kJ/mol Cl(g) Electron affinity = -369 kJ/mol NaCl(s) ΔH°f = -431 kJ/mol ____________ kJ/molarrow_forwardSuppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xhaustium" (Xh).Xh exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xh(s) + F2(g) → XhF2(s) Lattice energy for XhF2 -2140. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xh 310. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xh 589 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xh 150. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xhaustium fluoride. Your answer must be accurate and precise to the nearest 1 kJ/mol, as are the given parameters.arrow_forward
- Consider the element Work (Wr) with an atomic number of 33 and an atomic mass of 81.03 g/mol. The following information was collected for this element Molecule/ Ion Names Wr-2 Workide WrO3-2 Workate WrO2-2 Workite WrO-3 hydroworkite Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule Workous acid and determine its electron geometry and molecular geometry. What is the mass % of work in Calcium hydroworkite.arrow_forwardThe ionic radii of element E and a different metallic element, M, are shown in the following table: Both elements form oxides, E2O and MO. If lattice energy is defined as the energy required to separate an ionic solid into individual separate gaseous ions, would the lattice energy of MO be less than, equal to, or greater than the lattice energy of the oxide E2O? Justify your answer in terms of Coulomb's lawarrow_forwarda)Compare the electrón affinity of flouorine to the ionization energy if sodium. Does the process of the eletron being “pulled” from the sodium atom to the fluorine atom have a negative or a positive E? Why is NaF a stable compound? Does the overall formation of NaF have a negative of positive E? How can this be? b) How does the concept of ionic bonding account for the properties of ionic compounds?arrow_forward
- The ionic substances KF, CaO, and ScN are isoelectronic (they have the same number of electrons). Examine the lattice energies for these substances in Table 8.2, and account for the trends you observe. Table 8.2arrow_forwardThe electron affinity of oxygen is -141kj/mol, corresponding to the reaction O(g)+e-—>O-(g) The lattice energy of K2O(s) is 2238kj/mol.Use these data along with data in Appendix C and figure 7.10 to calculate the “second electron affinity” of oxygen, corresponding to the reaction O-(g)+e-—>O2-(g)arrow_forwardn your own words, what is meant by the term electronegativity? What are the trends across and down the periodic table for electronegativity? Explain them, and describe how they are consistent with trends of ionization energy and atomic radii.arrow_forward
- Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardThe reaction of a metal, M, with a halogen, X2, proceeds by an exothermic reaction as indicated by this equation: M(s)+X2(g)MX2(s). For each of the following, indicate which option will make the reaction more exothermic. Explain your answers. (a) a large radius vs. a small radius for M+2 (b) a high ionization energy vs. a low ionization energy for M (c) an increasing bond energy for the halogen (d) a decreasing electron affinity for the halogen (e) an increasing size of the anion formed by the halogenarrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY