Chapter 9, Problem 9.155MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Theprobable molecular formula for the product of Y which is formed by the reaction of X with fluorine needs to be determined.

The mass percent composition of F is 61.7 % and Cl is 38.3 % in Y.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs existing between each bonded atom.

Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Theelectron dot structure of Y and probable geometry of it around X needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom.

Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{ΔH°}$ for the synthesis of compound Y ( ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ ) with the help of given equation needs to be determined.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{2 ClF}}_{\text{(g)}}{\text{ + 2 O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}{\text{ + OF}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ ΔH°= +205}\text{.4 kJ}\mathrm{..}\text{(1)}\\ {\text{2 ClF}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(g)}}{\text{ +2 O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}{\text{ + 3 OF}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ ΔH°= +532}\text{.8 kJ}\mathrm{..}\text{(2)}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.{\text{ O}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{ + F}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ OF}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ ΔH°=+24}\text{.5 kJ}\mathrm{..}\text{(3)}\end{array}$

Concept introduction:

Hess law states that the enthalpy change for multistep chemical reaction is the sum of all enthalpy changes. It can be written as;

$\sum \Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{reaction}}\text{ =}\Delta \text{H1 + }\Delta \text{H2+}\Delta \text{H3}\mathrm{....}$

Hess law can be used to determine the enthalpy of any reaction with the help of given equation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Theheat released or absorbed in kJ in the reaction of 25.0 g of X with stoichiometric amount of F₂ needs to be determined assuming the reaction occurs with 87.5 % of yield.

${\text{ClF}}_{\text{(g)}}{\text{ + F}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ ΔH° = -139}\text{.2 kJ/mol}$

Concept introduction:

Hess law states that the enthalpy change for multistep chemical reaction is the sum of all enthalpy changes. It can be written as;

$\sum \Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{reaction}}\text{ =}\Delta \text{H1 + }\Delta \text{H2+}\Delta \text{H3}\mathrm{....}$

Hess law can be used to determine the enthalpy of any reaction with the help of given equation.