Chapter 9, Problem 9.152MP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetic acid with ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{and NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$ needs to be determined.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{ CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\left(l\right){\text{ + Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\underset{}{\to }{\text{ CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}\left(aq\right){\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2 }}\left(g\right){\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\left(l\right){\text{ + NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\underset{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}\left(aq\right){\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2 }}\left(g\right){\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$ with temperature. With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$. For any reaction the $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔS}$ can be calculated with the help of the following relation,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ΔrS°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrS°product - }\sum \text{ΔrS°reactant}\\ \text{ΔrH°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrH°product - }\sum \text{ΔrH°reactant}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mass of each of the substances (in kg) that is needed to neutralize the 1.000 gallons of a spill of pure acetic acid if the density is 1.049 g/mL needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$ with Temperature. With the help of this equation we can predict the change in $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$. For any reaction the $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔS}$ can be calculated with the help of:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ΔrS°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrS°product - }\sum \text{ΔrS°reactant}\\ \text{ΔrH°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrH°product - }\sum \text{ΔrH°reactant}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The heat in kJ that is absorbed or liberated in each reaction needs to be determined.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{2CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\left(l\right){\text{ + Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\underset{}{\to }{\text{ 2CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}\left(aq\right){\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2 }}\left(g\right){\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\left(l\right){\text{ + NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\underset{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}\left(aq\right){\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2 }}\left(g\right){\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$ with Temperature. With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $\text{ΔS}$, $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔG}$. For any reaction the $\text{ΔH}$ and $\text{ΔS}$ can be calculated with the help of:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ΔrS°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrS°product - }\sum \text{ΔrS°reactant}\\ \text{ΔrH°= }\Sigma \text{ΔrH°product - }\sum \text{ΔrH°reactant}\end{array}$