(a) Interpretation: The value of ΔH ° for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined, HgS ( s ) + O 2 ( g ) → Hg ( l ) + SO 2 ( g ) Concept introduction: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS , ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS With the help of this equation one can predict the change in ΔS , ΔH and ΔG . For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following equations. ΔrS°= Σ ΔrS°product - ∑ ΔrS°reactant ΔrH°= Σ ΔrH°product - ∑ ΔrH°reactant

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of $ΔH°$ for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following equations.

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25&degC if $ΔS°$ for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ .

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if $ΔS°$ +36.7 J/K, $ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol$ and $ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol$ needs to be determined.

$HgS(s)+ O2(g) →Hg(l) + SO2(g)$

Concept introduction:

The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:

$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$

With the help of this equation one can predict the change in $ΔS$ , $ΔH$ and $ΔG$ . For any reaction the $ΔH$ and $ΔS$ can be calculated with the help of following relation:

$ΔrS°= ΣΔrS°product - ∑ΔrS°reactantΔrH°= ΣΔrH°product - ∑ΔrH°reactant$

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Solution Summary: The author explains the Gibb's equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between S, and with Temperature. The standard heat of formation for reactant and product can be used

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