Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402437
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
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Chapter 9, Problem 8CTQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To show:

A deletion by using the DNA sequence: 3' TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Introduction:

A change in the genetic code during replication is termed as “mutation”. A mutation can occur during replication or recombination. It is a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Cells have evolved many “repair mechanisms” due to the lethal potential of DNA mutations. Mutations that can mutate damaged DNA are, “substitution”, “deletion” or “insertion” of base pairs.

a.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The deletion of three nucleotides from the gene will result in the non coding of that particular amino acid. This will cause the elimination of one amino acid from the polypeptide sequence. This may or may not alter the protein functioning.

Original sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Mutation: If a single T has removed, from the codon “TCC” that encodes arginine from the given DNA sequence:

Mutation occurs: 3' TAC CAG ATA CAC T CC CCT GCG ACT 5'

Mutated strand: 3' TAC CAG ATA CAC CCC CTG CGA CT 5'

The amino acid sequence becomes incorrect and it may lead to a malfunctioning of protein.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

An insertion by using the DNA sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Introduction:

A change in the genetic code during replication is termed as “mutation”. A mutation can occur during replication or recombination. It is a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Cells have evolved many “repair mechanisms” due to the lethal potential of DNA mutations. Mutations that can mutate damaged DNA are, “substitution”, “deletion” or “insertion” of base pairs.

b.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The unit of genetic code, which has three nucleotides that code for amino acids, is called codon. The insertion of single nucleotide will shift the reading frame and thus encoding amino acids will be changed. This will lead to inactivation of protein and thus malfunctioning will occur.

Original sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

If a single A is inserted, in the cotton “ATA” that encodes isoleucine from the given DNA sequence:

3' TAC CAGAAT ACA CTC CCC TGC GAC T5'(insertion)

The amino acid sequence becomes incorrect and it may lead to a malfunctioning of protein.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

A substitution by using the DNA sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Introduction:

A change in the genetic code during replication is termed as “mutation”. A mutation can occur during replication or recombination. It is a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Cells have evolved many “repair mechanisms” due to the lethal potential of DNA mutations. Mutations that can mutate damaged DNA are, “substitution”, “deletion” or “insertion” of base pairs.

c.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The type of mutation that involves the change of base pair by another leading to the small change in peptide as encoded amino acid got changed is substitution mutation.

Original sequence: 3TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT5

If a single C is substituted with G nucleotide, in the codon “CCT” that encoded glycine, from the given DNA sequence:

 (original)3TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT5(substituded)3TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CGT GCG ACT5

The amino acid sequence becomes incorrect and it may lead to a malfunctioning of protein or may be a silent mutation. It may not create any change.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

A nonsense mutation by using the DNA sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Introduction:

A change in the genetic code during replication is termed as “mutation”. A mutation can occur during replication or recombination. It is a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Cells have evolved many “repair mechanisms” due to the lethal potential of DNA mutations. Mutations that can mutate damaged DNA are, “substitution”, “deletion” or “insertion” of base pairs.

d.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The nonsense mutations are the mutations that generate the stop codon. The generated stop codon terminates the translational process and thus the protein structure will not be formed because no more amino acids will be added to the sequence.

 (Orginal)3TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT5(additionofstopcodon)(Nonsense)3TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACTUGA5

5. Nonsense mutation may lead to forming stop codon. After nonsense mutation DNA sequence will be, 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT UGA

e.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

A frameshift mutation by using the DNA sequence: 3 TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT GCG ACT 5.

Introduction:

A change in the genetic code during replication is termed as “mutation”. Mutation can occur during replication or recombination. It is a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Cells have evolved many “repair mechanisms” due to the lethal potential of DNA mutations. Mutations that can mutate damaged DNA are, “substitution”, “deletion” or “insertion” of base pairs.

e.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Mutation that occurs due to any insertion or deletion of bases that shift the bases and change the amino acid sequence is termed as Frameshift mutation. Any insertion, deletion or shifting of base can incorrect the amino acid sequence this will lead malfunctioning of protein.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Microbiology: A Systems Approach

Ch. 9.2 - Identify the locations of the promoter, the start...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Define the term operon and explain one advantage...Ch. 9.3 - Differentiate between repressive and inducible...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.4 - Explain the defining characteristics of a...Ch. 9.4 - Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9 - Prob. 1CFCh. 9 - What is the smallest unit of heredity? a....Ch. 9 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9 - DNA replication is semiconservative because the...Ch. 9 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9 - Transfer RNA is the molecule that a. contributes...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 9 - The lac operon is usually in the _____ position...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 9 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9 - When genes are turned on differently under...Ch. 9 - The DNA pairs are held together primarily by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 12TFCh. 9 - Prob. 13TFCh. 9 - Prob. 14TFCh. 9 - Prob. 15TFCh. 9 - Explain the relationship among the following...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 9 - On paper, replicate the following segment of DNA:...Ch. 9 - Provide evidence in support of or refuting the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 9 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 9 - Use your knowledge of DNA recombination events to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1VCCh. 9 - From chapter 4, figure 4.11a. Speculate on why...Ch. 9 - Concept Mapping | Blooms Level 6: Create Appendix...
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