More stable species in given pair has to be identified. Concept Introduction: In an S N 2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary. The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

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3) Propagation of uncertainty. Every measurement has uncertainty. In this problem, we'll evaluate the uncertainty in every step of a titration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (a common acid used in titrations, abbreviated KHP, formula CsH5KO4) with NaOH of an unknown concentration. The calculation that ultimately needs to be carried out is: concentration NaOH 1000 x mass KHP × purity KHP molar mass KHP x volume NaOH Measurements: a) You use a balance to weigh 0.3992 g of KHP. The uncertainty is ±0.15 mg (0.00015 g). b) You use a buret to slowly add NaOH to the KHP until it reaches the endpoint. It takes 18.73 mL of NaOH. The uncertainty of the burst is 0.03 mL.. c) The manufacturer states the purity of KHP is 100%±0.05%. d) Even though we don't think much about them, molar masses have uncertainty as well. The uncertainty comes from the distribution of isotopes, rather than random measurement error. The uncertainty in the elements composing KHP are: a. Carbon: b. Hydrogen: ±0.0008…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 86P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

The tertiary carbocation is the most stable. The primary carbanion is the most stable. Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable species in given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

In an S_N2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.

Resonance allows for delocalization, in which the overall energy of a molecule is lowered since its electrons occupy a greater volume, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not.

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.1 - Does increasing the energy barrier for an SN2...Ch. 9.1 - Rank the following alkyl bromides from most...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.2 - Which substitution reaction lakes place more...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 15P

Solution Summary: The author explains that in an S N 2 reaction, relative stability of alkyl halide is primary > secondary > tertiary, and resonance allows for delocalization.

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