Chapter 9, Problem 71P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Affect of rate of the reaction of $\text{1-bromobutane}$ with ethoxide ion in DMF when the concentration of both the alkyl halide and the nucleophile are tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$

Where k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Affect of rate of the reaction of $\text{1-bromobutane}$ with ethoxide ion in DMF when solvent is changed to ethanol has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$ , where k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Affect of rate of the reaction of $\text{1-bromobutane}$ with ethoxide ion in DMF when the alkyl halide is changed to 1-chlorobutane has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$ , where k is the rate constant.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Affect of rate of the reaction of $\text{1-bromobutane}$ with ethoxide ion in DMF when the alkyl halide is changed into 2-bromobutane has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$,

Where k is the rate constant.