Chemistry with Access Code, Hybrid Edition
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285188492
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 9, Problem 60E
Describe the bonding in NO+, NO−, and NO, using both the localized electron and molecular orbital models. Account for any discrepancies between the two models.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry with Access Code, Hybrid Edition
Ch. 9 - Why do we hybtidize atomic orbitals to explain the...Ch. 9 - What hybridization is required for central atoms...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in H2S, CH4, H2CO and HCN...Ch. 9 - What hybridization is required for central atoms...Ch. 9 - Electrons in bonding molecular orbitals are most...Ch. 9 - What are molecular orbitals? How do they compare...Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between the and MOs for...Ch. 9 - Compare Figs. 4-47 and 4-49. Why are they...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would you expect to be more...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for HCN. Indicate the...
Ch. 9 - Which is the more correct statement: The methane...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the MO model with the local...Ch. 9 - What are the relationships among bond order, bond...Ch. 9 - In the hybrid orbital model, compare and contrast ...Ch. 9 - In the molecular orbital mode l, compare and...Ch. 9 - Why are d orbitals sometimes used to form hybrid...Ch. 9 - The atoms in a single bond can rotate about the...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast bonding molecular orbitals...Ch. 9 - What modification to the molecular orbital model...Ch. 9 - Why does the molecular orbital model do a better...Ch. 9 - The three NO bonds in NO3 are all equivalent in...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - The space-filling models of ethane and ethanol are...Ch. 9 - The space-filling models of hydrogen cyanide and...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecules, write the...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecules or ions that...Ch. 9 - Prob. 31ECh. 9 - The allene molecule has the following Lewis...Ch. 9 - Indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The...Ch. 9 - Urea, a compound formed in the liver, is one of...Ch. 9 - Biacetyl and acetoin are added to margarine to...Ch. 9 - Many important compounds in the chemical industry...Ch. 9 - Two molecules used in the polymer industry are...Ch. 9 - Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that...Ch. 9 - One of the first drugs to be approved for use in...Ch. 9 - The antibiotic thiarubin-A was discovered by...Ch. 9 - Consider the following molecular orbitals formed...Ch. 9 - Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type (...Ch. 9 - Which of the following are predicted by the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following are predicted by the...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - Consider the following electron configuration:...Ch. 9 - Using molecular orbital theory, explain why the...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model to describe the...Ch. 9 - The transport of O2 in the blood is carried out by...Ch. 9 - A Lewis structure obeying the octet rule can be...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - In which of the following diatomic molecules would...Ch. 9 - In terms of the molecular orbital model, which...Ch. 9 - Show how two 2p atomic orbitals can combine to...Ch. 9 - Show how a hydrogen 1s atomic orbital and a...Ch. 9 - Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following...Ch. 9 - Acetylene (C2H2) can be produced from the reaction...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in NO+, NO, and NO, using...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in the O3 molecule and the...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in the CO32 ion using the...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures, predict the molecular...Ch. 9 - FClO2 and F3ClO can both gain a fluoride ion to...Ch. 9 - Two structures can be drawn for cyanuric acid: a....Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization for the molecular...Ch. 9 - Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency...Ch. 9 - Aspartame is an artificial sweetener marketed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 69AECh. 9 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 9 - Complete the following resonance structures for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73AECh. 9 - Describe the bonding in the first excited state of...Ch. 9 - Using an MO energy-level diagram, would you expect...Ch. 9 - Show how a dxz. atomic orbital and a pz, atomic...Ch. 9 - What type of molecular orbital would result from...Ch. 9 - Consider three molecules: A, B, and C. Molecule A...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures for TeCl4, ICl5, PCl5,...Ch. 9 - A variety of chlorine oxide fluorides and related...Ch. 9 - Pelargondin is the molecule responsible for the...Ch. 9 - Complete a Lewis structure for the compound shown...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements concerning SO2...Ch. 9 - Consider the molecular orbital electron...Ch. 9 - Place the species B2+ , B2, and B2 in order of...Ch. 9 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 9 - Cholesterol (C27liu;O) has the following...Ch. 9 - Cyanamide (H2NCN), an important industrial...Ch. 9 - A flask containing gaseous N2 is irradiated with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 92CPCh. 9 - Values of measured bond energies may vary greatly...Ch. 9 - Use the MO model to explain the bonding in BeH2....Ch. 9 - Prob. 95CPCh. 9 - Arrange the following from lowest to highest...Ch. 9 - Use the MO model to determine which of the...Ch. 9 - Given that the ionization energy of F2 is 290...Ch. 9 - Carbon monoxide (CO) forms bonds to a variety of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 100CPCh. 9 - As the bead engineer of your starship in charge of...Ch. 9 - Determine the molecular structure and...
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- Describe the hybridization around the central atom and the bonding in SCl2 and OCS.arrow_forwardIt is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardIdentify the hybrid orbitals used by boron in BCl3 and in BCl4, the ion formed from the reaction of BCl3 and Cl. Explain your choices.arrow_forward
- a Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3, is a relatively unreactive, colorless gas. How would you describe the bonding in the NF3 molecule in terms of valence bond theory? Use hybrid orbitals. b Silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4, is a colorless gas formed when hydrofluoric acid attacks silica (SiO2) or glass. Describe the bonding in the SiF4 molecule, using valence bond theory.arrow_forwardThe sulfamate ion, H2NSO3, can be thought of as having been formed from the amide ion, NH2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3. (a) What are the electron-pair and molecular geometries or the amide ion and or SO3? What are the hybridizations of the N and S atoms, respectively? (b) Sketch a structure for the sulfamate ion, and estimate the bond angles. (c) What changes in hybridization do you expect for N and S in the course of the reaction NH2 + SO3 H2NSO3? (d) Is SO3 the donor of an electron pair or the acceptor of an electron pair in the reaction with amide ion? Does the electrostatic potential map shown below confirm your prediction?arrow_forwardSketch the resonance structures for the N2O molecule. Is the hybridization of the N atoms the same or different in each structure? Describe the orbitals involved in bond formation by the central N atom.arrow_forward
- Suppose you carry out the following reaction of ammonia and boron trifluoride in the laboratory. (a) What is the geometry of the boron atom in BF3? In H3NBF3? (b) What is the hybridization of the boron atom in the two compounds? (c) Considering the structures and bonding of NH3 and BF3, why do you expect the nitrogen on NH3 to donate an electron pair to the B atom of BF3? (d) BF3 also reacts readily with water. Based on the ammonia reaction above, speculate on how water can interact with BF3.arrow_forwardThe structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.arrow_forwardUsing the molecular orbital model, write the valence electron configuration for CO2+ and use it to calculate the bond order. Is the species paramagnetic?arrow_forward
- What is the difference of the concepts of the Valence Bond theory and the Molecular orbital theory in terms of the formation of covalent bond?arrow_forwardC2H6 and HI State the type of hybridization (sp, sp", etc) for the central atom in each molecule. Show how the various single, double and/or triple bonds form in each of the molecules. Make use of orbital diagrams, labels, and/or written sentences in your explanation.arrow_forwardMolecular Orbital Theory Cönstruct a molecular orbital diagram for peroxide ion, O2². Is peroxide ion paramagnetic or diamagnetic? Explain in one sentence based on your molecular orbital diagram.arrow_forward
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