Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 4AQ
Summary Introduction
Reoviridae family of viruses have a wide range of hosts which includes invertebrates, vertebrates, humans, plants and even microbes like
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Students have asked these similar questions
Match each of the following replication classes of viruses with the one description that best
describes it.
This virus class is composed of
segmented and non-segmented
helical viruses that carry an
RdRp within the virion into the
cell. Example: Rabies virus
These viruses are non-
enveloped, icosahedral, have
segmented genomes, and carry
their own RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase. The viral genome
is copied following assembly.
Example: Reovirus
This is the only class of RNA
viruses whose genome is
replicated by cellular enzymes
and not an RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase.
Cellular DNA polymerases
replicate this virus's non-
integrated genome, although
transcription is not the initial
event that takes place in the
process. Example:
Parvoviruses
In this class of viruses,
transcription occurs before
genome replication because
viral proteins are involved in
replicating the genome.
Example: Adenovirus
This class of viruses forms
circular DNA and creates pre-
genomic RNA using host RNA
polymerases.…
After a positive strand RNA virus ( Such as Coronaviruses) enters the host cell, the RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins associated with the virus (Such as, for example, the surface antigens like E and Spike proteins). How then, would the genetic material itself be replicated to be incorporated into the new viruses?.
As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 9.1 - Distinguish between a positive-strand RNA virus...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.3 - In the X174 genome, describe the difference...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.4 - In what major way does transcription of phage DNA...
Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.5 - What type of genome is seen in most archaeal...Ch. 9.5 - Compared with other archaeal viruses, what are two...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.8 - How are protein synthesis and genomic replication...Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.11 - How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the...Ch. 9.12 - If viroids are circular molecules, why are they...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Describe the classes of viruses based on their...Ch. 9 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. How might viruses help...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4RQCh. 9 - Describe how the genome of bacteriophage X174 is...Ch. 9 - Why can it be said that transcription of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Prob. 8RQCh. 9 - Prob. 9RQCh. 9 - Prob. 10RQCh. 9 - Prob. 11RQCh. 9 - Prob. 12RQCh. 9 - Prob. 13RQCh. 9 - Prob. 14RQCh. 9 - Rabies virus and poliovirus both have...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16RQCh. 9 - Why do both hepadnaviruses and retroviruses...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18RQCh. 9 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RQCh. 9 - Not all proteins are made from the RNA genome of...Ch. 9 - Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses...Ch. 9 - Imagine that you are a researcher at a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4AQ
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- A particular animal virus requires the use of DNA polymerase from its host, since it does not possess its own DNA polymerase enzyme. Which of the following assumptions in A-D would likely be correct regarding this virus? A) O This virus could not be a retrovirus type. B) OIt could be a (-) ss RNA virus. C) O It could be a (+) ss RNA virus. D) O The vVirus life cycle very likely includes going to the host cell nucleus. E) O All ofA-D are correct assumptions.arrow_forwardThe genome of a retrovirus can integrate into the host cell genome. What gene is unique to retroviruses, and why is the protein encoded by this gene absolutely necessary for maintaining the retroviral life cycle?arrow_forwardThe RNA genomes of some RNA viruses resemble the messenger RNA (mRNA) of their eukaryotic hosts. What advantage would an RNA virus gain by having this type of genome?arrow_forward
- Draw a generic (+)RNA virus replication cycle. For viruses, (+) RNA indicates the genomic RNA can be translated directly. How would this differ from the system you drew in #1? Draw a generic (+) RNA virus replication cycle. Indicate which proteins need to be present for RNA replication and translation. Where would they act? Indicate what sequences or modifications would need to be present on the virus RNA for RNA replication and translation. How might a virus differentiate between RNA to be put into progeny virus particles and RNA to be translated into protein?arrow_forwardWhat is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its envelope?arrow_forwardwe can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by preventing/inhibiting: A) fusion of the envelope and the plasma membrane B) replication and expression of viral nucleic acid/genome C) the virus's attachment molecules from binding to the host cell receptor D) new copies of viral nucleic acid from combining with newly made viral proteins E)buddingarrow_forward
- Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Researchers determined that the lipids found in the virus form a bilayer membrane surrounding the virus, and are obtained from the membrane of the host cell during virus maturation and exit from host cell. Further…arrow_forwardThe second step in viral replication is entry. For bacteriophage, entry usually involves: O a) direct entry of the nucleic acid into the cell. Ob) phagocytosis. c) membrane fusion mechanism of entry. d) receptor-mediated endocytosis.arrow_forwardWhere do - ss RNA viruses assemble? O 1) golgi O 2) nucleus O3) cytoplasm O 4) both the nucleus and cytoplasm O 5) Endoplasmic reticulum Type:Sarrow_forward
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