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Concept explainers
As part of its cost control program, Tracer Company uses a
The following direct labor standard was established for one of Tracer’s products, effective June 1, 2012, the beginning of the fiscal year:
The standard was based on the direct labor being performed by a team consisting of five persons with Assembler A skills, three persons with Assembler B skills, and two persons with machinist skills; this team represents the most efficient use of the company’s skilled employees. The standard also assumed that the quality of direct materials that had been used in prior years would be available for the coming year.
For the first seven months of the fiscal year, actual
Furthermore, Tracer has been notified by its direct materials supplier that lower-quality direct materials will be supplied beginning January 1. Normally, one unit of direct materials is required for each good unit produced, and no units are lost due to defective direct materials. Tracer estimates that 6 percent of the units manufactured after January 1 will be rejected in the final inspection process due to defective direct materials.
Required:
- 1. Determine the number of units of lower quality direct materials that Tracer Company must enter into production in order to produce 47,000 good finished units.
- 2. How many hours of each class of direct labor must be used to manufacture 47,000 good finished units?
- 3. Determine the amount that should be included in Tracer’s January operating budget for the planned direct labor variance caused by the reorganization of the direct labor teams and the lower quality direct materials. (CMA adapted)
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)
- Warner Company has the following data for the past year: Warner uses the overhead control account to accumulate both actual and applied overhead. Required: 1. Calculate the overhead variance for the year and close it to cost of goods sold. 2. Assume the variance calculated is material. After prorating, close the variances to the appropriate accounts and provide the final ending balances of these accounts. 3. What if the variance is of the opposite sign calculated in Requirement 1? Provide the appropriate adjusting journal entries for Requirements 1 and 2.arrow_forwardYohan Company has the following balances in its direct materials and direct labor variance accounts at year-end: Unadjusted Cost of Goods Sold equals 1,500,000, unadjusted Work in Process equals 236,000, and unadjusted Finished Goods equals 180,000. Required: 1. Assume that the ending balances in the variance accounts are immaterial and prepare the journal entries to close them to Cost of Goods Sold. What is the adjusted balance in Cost of Goods Sold after closing out the variances? 2. What if any ending balance in a variance account that exceeds 10,000 is considered material? Close the immaterial variance accounts to Cost of Goods Sold and prorate the material variances among Cost of Goods Sold, Work in Process, and Finished Goods on the basis of prime costs in these accounts. The prime cost in Cost of Goods Sold is 1,050,000, the prime cost in Work in Process is 165,200, and the prime cost in Finished Goods is 126,000. What are the adjusted balances in Work in Process, Finished Goods, and Cost of Goods Sold after closing out all variances? (Round ratios to four significant digits. Round journal entries to the nearest dollar.)arrow_forwardPotter Company has installed a JIT purchasing and manufacturing system and is using back-flush accounting for its cost flows. It currently uses a two-trigger approach with the purchase of materials as the first trigger point and the completion of goods as the second trigger point. During the month of June, Potter had the following transactions: There were no beginning or ending inventories. All goods produced were sold with a 60 percent markup. Any variance is closed to Cost of Goods Sold. (Variances are recognized monthly.) Required: 1. Prepare the journal entries for the month of May using backflush costing, assuming that Potter uses the completion of goods as the only trigger point. 2. Prepare the journal entries for the month of May using backflush costing, assuming that Potter uses the sale of goods as the only trigger point.arrow_forward
- Potter Company has installed a JIT purchasing and manufacturing system and is using back-flush accounting for its cost flows. It currently uses a two-trigger approach with the purchase of materials as the first trigger point and the completion of goods as the second trigger point. During the month of June, Potter had the following transactions: There were no beginning or ending inventories. All goods produced were sold with a 60 percent markup. Any variance is closed to Cost of Goods Sold. (Variances are recognized monthly.) Required: 1. Prepare the journal entries that would have been made using a traditional accounting approach for cost flows. 2. Prepare the journal entries for the month using backflush costing.arrow_forwardGreiner Company makes and sells high-quality glare filters for microcomputer monitors. John Craven, controller, is responsible for preparing Greiners master budget and has assembled the following data for the coming year. The direct labor rate includes wages, all employee-related benefits, and the employers share of FICA. Labor saving machinery will be fully operational by March. Also, as of March 1, the companys union contract calls for an increase in direct labor wages that is included in the direct labor rate. Greiner expects to have 5,600 glare filters in inventory on December 31 of the current year, and has a policy of carrying 35 percent of the following month's projected sales in inventory. Information on the first four months of the coming year is as follows: Required: 1. Prepare the following monthly budgets for Greiner Company for the first quarter of the coming year. Be sure to show supporting calculations. a. Production budget in units b. Direct labor budget in hours c. Direct materials cost budget d. Sales budget 2. Calculate the total budgeted contribution margin for Greiner Company by month and in total for the first quarter of the coming year. Be sure to show supporting calculations. (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardButrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of direct materials in the appropriate accounts, and variances associated with direct labor and manufacturing overhead are prorated to Finished Goods Inventory and to Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) on the basis of the relative direct labor cost in these accounts at year- end. The following information is for the year ended December 31: The company had no beginning inventories and no ending Work-in-Process (WIP) Inventory. It applies manufacturing overhead at 80% of standard direct labor cost. Finished goods inventory at 12/31: Direct materials Direct labor Applied manufacturing overhead Direct materials inventory at 12/31 Cost of goods sold for the year ended 12/31: Direct materials Direct labor Applied manufacturing overhead Direct materials…arrow_forward
- Butrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of direct materials in the appropriate accounts, and variances associated with direct labor and manufacturing overhead are prorated to Finished Goods Inventory and to Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) on the basis of the relative direct labor cost in these accounts at year-end. The following information is for the year ended December 31: The company had no beginning inventories and no ending Work-in-Process (WIP) Inventory. It applies manufacturing overhead at 80% of standard direct labor cost. Finished goods inventory at 12/31: Direct materials $ 87,000 Direct labor 130,500 Applied manufacturing overhead 104,400 Direct materials inventory at 12/31 65,000 Cost of goods sold for the year ended 12/31:…arrow_forwardButrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of direct materials in the appropriate accounts, and variances associated with direct labor and manufacturing overhead are prorated to Finished Goods Inventory and to Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) on the basis of the relative direct labor cost in these accounts at year-end. The following information is for the year ended December 31: The company had no beginning inventories and no ending Work-in-Process (WIP) Inventory. It applies manufacturing overhead at 80% of standard direct labor cost. Finished goods inventory at 12/31: Direct materials Direct labor Applied manufacturing overhead Direct materials inventory at 12/31 Cost of goods sold for the year ended 12/31: Direct materials Direct labor Applied manufacturing overhead Direct materials…arrow_forwardButrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of direct materials in the appropriate accounts, and variances associated with direct labor and manufacturing overhead are prorated to Finished Goods Inventory and to Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) on the basis of the relative direct labor cost in these accounts at year-end. The following information is for the year ended December 31: The company had no beginning inventories and no ending Work-in-Process (WIP) Inventory. It applies manufacturing overhead at 80% of standard direct labor cost. Finished goods inventory at 12/31: Direct materials $ 85,900 Direct labor 130,300 Applied manufacturing overhead 104,800 Direct…arrow_forward
- Butrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of direct materials in the appropriate accounts, and variances associated with direct labor and manufacturing overhead are prorated to Finished Goods Inventory and to Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) on the basis of the relative direct labor cost in these accounts at year-end. The following information is for the year ended December 31: The company had no beginning inventories and no ending Work-in-Process (WIP) Inventory. It applies manufacturing overhead at 80% of standard direct labor cost. Finished goods inventory at 12/31: Direct materials $ 87,000 Direct labor 130,500 Applied manufacturing overhead 104,400 Direct materials inventory at 12/31 65,000 Cost of goods sold for the year ended 12/31:…arrow_forwardThe managers of Sandusky Inc. have decided to use the month of January to determine the cost of producing their widget for the year. This will help determine proper product pricing and is important for control purposes. Using the data from January, the managers can determine the costs associated with material and labor. However, fixed indirect costs must still be determined. Management intends to use the prior year’s data to determine overhead costs. It is assumed that management will allocate an equal amount of estimated costs each month. Is this an appropriate decision by management? Should January be used as the reference point for the whole year?arrow_forwardSchoening Corporation is a shipping container refurbishment company that measures its output by the number of containers refurbished. The company has provided the following fixed and variable cost estimates that it uses for budgeting purposes and the actual results of operations for January.arrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning
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