Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 29GQ
These questions are not designated as to type or location in the chapter. They may combine several concepts.
Draw the Lewis structure for AlF4–. What are its electron-pair and molecular geometries? What orbitals on Al and F overlap to form bonds between these elements? What are the formal charges on the atoms? Is this a reasonable charge distribution?
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The formate ion is HCOO-. Carbon is the central atom. The other atoms are bonded only to the carbon atom.
- Draw the best Lewis structure for the formate ion. Show all important resonance structures. Indicate all non-zero formal charges.
- In the formate ion, are both carbon-oxygen bonds the same length? What is the oxidation state of carbon in the formate ion?
-Which of the following molecules has the shortest carbon-oxygen bond length? HCOO- CO CO2
The carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]
5. (i) Provide possible resonance structure, (ii) evaluate the resonance structures with formal
charge to identify the best structure, (iii) provide the resonance hybrid, the (iv) molecular
geometry, and (v) discuss the bond angles.
ClO,
PO,
3-
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
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- Draw all the equivalent resonance structures for BrO 3¯ on a piece of paper and then fill in the blanks. Draw the structure in such a way that the formal charge on the central atom is zero. Molecular geometry: Number of equivalent resonance structures: Bond order of Br-O bond(s): (fractions rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1/2 will be 0.50 , 4/3 will be 1.33 and 5/3 will be 1.67) Formal charge on terminal atoms participating in resonancearrow_forwardComplete the Lewis structures for COCl₂ and SOCI₂ using the skeletal structure shown below, being sure to follow the procedure for minimizing the sum of the absolute values for the formal charges, where the octet rule need not be followed. Based on the complete structures, which statement below is true? [a_i_d] Cl—N—C Cl-Br Cl Hint: Consider the potential for multiple bonds on the molecules and be sure to account for all valence electrons. O The NOCI₂ exhibits both residual formal charges and resonance hybrids, while the BrOCI₂+ exhibits formal charges but no resonance hybrids. O No answer text provided. The NOC₂ exhibits both formal charges and resonance hybrids, while the BrOCl₂ exhibits resonance hybrids but no formal charges. O At least one atom in each molecule exhibits formal charges, and the molecules have no resonance hybrids. O The BroCl₂ exhibits both formal charges and resonance hybrids, while the POCI₂ exhibits resonance hybrids but no formal charges. O The NOCI₂ exhibits…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the structures below is/are true? Formal charges are not shown. You can select more than one, or none, of these statements. (i) (ii) (iii) Ö (iv) The total charge on this species is zero. The formal charge of Cl is -3 in structure (i). CI has an expanded octet in all of these structures. The formal charge of Cl is +1 in structure (iii). Structures (ii), (iii), and (iv) are all unrealistic because, in each, there are too many electrons around O Cl. On the basis of formal charges, structure (i) is the most important structure.arrow_forward
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