Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 20ESP
Payne, B. A. et al. (2013) present evidence that a low level of heteroplasmic mtDNA exists in all tested healthy individuals.
- (a) What are two likely sources of such heteroplasmy?
- (b) What genetic conditions within a given mitochondrion are likely to contribute to such a variable pool of mitochondria?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What is the simplest explanation for why patients have been identified with
only one copy of the phosphofructokinase-1 gene (heterozygous), but no
patients have been identified that lack both copies of the
phosphofructokinase-1 gene (homozygous)?
Patients lacking both copies of the phosphofructokinase-1 genes will be
found once DNA sequencing technology can sequence whole genomes.
Phosphofructokinase-1 is needed for nitrogen metabolism and there are
no enzymes to replace this function, so cells die from ammonia toxicity.
Phosphofructokinase-1 is a required enzyme for carbohydrate
metabolism in all living cells, complete loss of this enzyme would be
lethal.
There are 6 phosphofructokinase-1 paralogous genes in humans and it is
impossible to lack both type 1 copies when there are also types 4, 5, and
6.
What is the final result of mitosis in a human
A) nearly genetically identical 2n somatic cells
B) genetically different 2n somatic cells
C) nearly genetically identical 1n somatic cells
D) genetically identical 2n gamete cells
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) A single, replicated chromosome with sister chromatids has two centromeres.
B) A single, unreplicated chromosome has two DNA molecules.
C) Sister chromatids from a single chromosome are connected at the centromere.
D) Homologous chromosomes are connected at the centromere.
The first gap in the cell cycle (G1) corresponds to _____.
A) normal growth and cell function
B) the phase in which DNA is being replicated
C) the beginning of mitosis
D) the phase between DNA replication and the M phase
In a diploid cell from a specific species has 5 chromosome pairs, how many sister chromatids will be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis? (Draw it!)
A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 40
Consider a cell from the species above.…
Most organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn.
a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm?
b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Chlamydomonas, a eukaryoric green alga, may be...Ch. 9 - In aerobically cultured yeast, a petite mutant is...Ch. 9 - DNA in human mitochondria encodes 22 different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4NSTCh. 9 - Why did Marcia choose mitochondrial testing to...Ch. 9 - Marcia saw an ad on television for ancestry DNA...Ch. 9 - How much importance should we place on the results...Ch. 9 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 196. The...Ch. 9 - Streptomycin resistance in Chlamydomonas may...
Ch. 9 - A plant may have green, white, or green-and-white...Ch. 9 - In diploid yeast strains, sporulation and...Ch. 9 - Predict the results of a cross between ascospores...Ch. 9 - In Lymnaea, what results would you expect in a...Ch. 9 - In a cross of Lymnaea, the snail contributing the...Ch. 9 - In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a...Ch. 9 - A male mouse from a true-breeding strain of...Ch. 9 - Consider the case where a mutation occurs that...Ch. 9 - What is the endosymbiotic theory, and why is this...Ch. 9 - In an earlier Problems and Discussion section (see...Ch. 9 - Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) offers a...Ch. 9 - The specification of the anteriorposterior axis in...Ch. 9 - The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is...Ch. 9 - (a) In humans the mitochondrial genome encodes a...Ch. 9 - Mutations in mitochondrial DNA appear to be...Ch. 9 - Researchers examined a family with an interesting...Ch. 9 - Payne, B. A. et al. (2013) present evidence that a...Ch. 9 - As mentioned in Section 9.3, mtDNA accumulates...Ch. 9 - Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The phenotype of a heterozygous mouse (Aa) is agouti. The agouti banding pattern is due to altered expression of the agouti gene. Which of the following statement is false? a) Expression of the agouti gene inhibits the production of eumelanin. b) Evidence suggests that the agouti gene is only expressed in tissues associated with fur production. c) Epigenetic markers silence the agouti gene resulting in dark pigmentation at the tip and root of the hair. d) All of the abovearrow_forwardYeast cells are eukaryotes, and they require a functional secretory pathway to grow and to maintain cellular organization. But surprisingly, when SRP is removed from yeast cells by deleting the relevant genes, the cells are still alive (although they grow slowly). a) How can yeast survive without SRP? Propose two alternative hypotheses. b) How might electron microscopy of normal and SRP-deficient yeast cells help you to distinguish between these two hypotheses?arrow_forward(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?arrow_forward
- Q65arrow_forwardSee the hypothetical pathway answer the following questions. A) If an individual is homozygous for a null mutation in the gene that codes for Enz1, what would the result be? B) What would happen if an individual is heterozygous for a mutation that abolishes the activity of Enz2? C) What could happen to the offspring of the individuals described above (in a and b)? Assume that they only have the mutations described.arrow_forwardWhich of the examples of genetic testing below are prognostic tests? Which are diagnostic? (a) Individual sequencing (personal genomics) identifies a mutation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. (b) ASO testing determines that an individual is a carrier for the mutant b@globin allele (bS) found in sickle-cell anemia. (c) DNA sequencing of a breast tumor reveals mutations in the BRCA1 gene. (d) Genetic testing in a healthy teenager identifies an SNP correlated with autism. (e) An adult diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) has a genetic test that reveals a SNP in the GABRB3 gene that is significantly more common in people with AS than the general population.arrow_forward
- Malaria, one of the most pervasive and destructive of all infectious diseases, is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted from person to person by mosquitoes. Plasmodium parasites are able to evade the host immune system by constantly altering the expression of their var genes, which encode Plasmodium surface antigens (L. H. Freitas-Junior et al. 2005. Cell 121:25–36). Individual var genes are expressed when chromatin structure is disrupted by chemical changes in histone proteins. What type of chemical changes in the histone proteins might be responsible for these changes in gene expression?arrow_forwardSegregation and independent assortment are LEAST likely to be exhibited by genes in a) Escherichia coli b) Arabidopsis thaliana c) Caenorhabditis elegans d) Drosophila melanogaster e) Neurospora crassaarrow_forwardEach of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the organelle or structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active. a) A maize plant is unable to survive due to recessive lethal gene which causes albinism. b) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria. c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months. d) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides. e) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile. Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organellearrow_forward
- Need help, please.arrow_forwardA mutation creates a dominant negative allele of a particular gene. The gene encodes a protein that forms a trimer within the cell. If one or more of the subunits has the mutant structure, the entire trimeric protein is inactive. In a heterozygous cell, if the proteins of both alleles are present at the same levels, what percent of the trimers present in the cell will be active? A) 100% B) 5% C) 50% D) 33% E) 5%arrow_forwardHow are the genes in the beta-globin locus different from each other? A) They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes. B) They have different sequences and locations on the chromosome. (C) They are expressed at different times in developmnent. (D) Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells. E) They are dispersed on on different chromosomes.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY