Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 11SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: After transcription, mRNA sequences are read by tRNA in the ribosome to synthesize polypeptide, and the process is known as translation. The mRNA sequences are read as triplets known as codons that code for an amino acid. The tRNA molecules have an anticodon that pairs with its complementary codon during translation. As a result, the codon-specific amino acid comes through the other end of the tRNA. These amino acids form a polypeptide chain.
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A polypeptide is composed of 4 amino acids. How many nucleotide bases on an mRNA strand are necessary to code for the complete making of this polypeptide from initiation to termination? Be sure to include the "start" and "stop" codons.
a. 18
b. 15
c. 12
d. 4
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? a. complementarity b. nonsense codons c. universality d. degeneracy
If a tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence 5′-CAG-3′, which amino acid does it carry?
a. Aspartic acid c. Leucine
b. Valine d. Glutamine
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9 - RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page...Ch. 9 - RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page...Ch. 9 - RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page...Ch. 9 - RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page...Ch. 9 - A chromosome contains many different genes that...Ch. 9 - A binding .site for RNA polymerase is called a ___...Ch. 9 - In cells, most RNA molecules are ___ ; most DNA...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4SQCh. 9 - The main function of a DNA molecule is to ________...Ch. 9 - The main function of an mRNA molecule is to ___ ....
Ch. 9 - Prob. 7SQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SQCh. 9 - Prob. 9SQCh. 9 - Anticodons pair with ___ . a. mRNA codons b. DNA...Ch. 9 - Prob. 11SQCh. 9 - Prob. 12SQCh. 9 - Prob. 13SQCh. 9 - Energy that drives translation is provided mainly...Ch. 9 - Match the terms with the best description. ______...Ch. 9 - Researchers are designing and testing antisense...Ch. 9 - An anticodon has the sequence GCG. What amino acid...Ch. 9 - Each position of a codon can be occupied by one of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CTCh. 9 - Translate the .sequence of bases in the previous...Ch. 9 - Can you .spell your name (or someone else's) using...Ch. 9 - Bacteria use the.same stop codons as eukaryotes....
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- If instead of 20 amino acids there were 200 amino acids, then how many nucleotides would you be minimally needed for each codon?a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7arrow_forwardWhich sequences are spliced out of the mRNA strand before leaving the nucleus? In other words, which sequences are not part of the code for the amino acids? a. exons b. intronsarrow_forwardWhat is a reasonable length for an RNA primer in E.coli? A. 1000 nucleotides B. 100 nucleotides C. 50 nucleotides D. a few nucleotidesarrow_forward
- The number of codon binding sites in an mRNA-ribosome complex that can be occupied at the same time by activated tRNA molecules is; * A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Which is a characteristics of the normal genetic code? * A. one codon can code for only one amino acid B. one amino acid can have only one codon C. one tRNA molecule can bind to only one codon D. one aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase can react with only one tRNA Which of the following describes the effect of a point mutation on amino acid identity in a protein? * A. The identity of two amino acid must change B. The identity of one amino acid may change C. The identity of one amino acid must change D. The identity of one amino acid never change Which of the following statements is true regarding introns? *…arrow_forwardIf eukaryotes have monocistronic genes, why is the number of known proteins more than the number of known genes? A. Post-translational modification B. Alternative splicing C. Base substitution D. Post-transcriptional modificationarrow_forwardIn any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases? a. 20 b. 40 c. 100 d. 200arrow_forward
- What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of α- amanitin? a. 18S and 28S rRNAs b. pre-mRNAs c. 5S rRNAs and tRNAs d. other small nuclear RNAsarrow_forwardWhat is the correct tRNA anti-codon sequence for the AUG mRNA sequences? a. UGA b. UAC c. CAU d. AUGarrow_forwardWhat is the predicted size of the corresponding mature mRNA in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5’ cap and 3’ poly- A tail? a. 220bp b. 295bp c. 140bp d. 435bparrow_forward
- Which of these features is found in eukaryotes but not bacteria?a. polygene mRNAs b. introns c. stop codon d. AUG codonarrow_forwardIn Eukaryotes, DNA is a long molecule inside a tiny nucleus. a. How can this long chain fit in such space? b. How does it affect gene expression?arrow_forwardWith regard to transcriptional termination in eukaryotes, which model suggests that RNA polymerase is physically removed from the DNA? a. Allosteric model b. Torpedo model c. Both models d. Neither modelarrow_forward
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