Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.7, Problem 1CR
What enzyme is required to form a prophage, and what are the two main transcriptional repressors that control whether lambda proceeds to lysogeny or lysis?
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - How does a virus differ from a cell?Ch. 8.1 - Why does a virus need a host cell?Ch. 8.1 - Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral...Ch. 8.1 - Once inside a host prokaryotic cell, what are the...Ch. 8.2 - Distinguish between a capsid and a capsomere. What...Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a naked virus and...Ch. 8.2 - What kinds of enzymes can be found within the...Ch. 8.2 - Where does the envelope surrounding animal viruses...Ch. 8.3 - What is packaged into capsids during maturation?Ch. 8.3 - Explain the term burst size.
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.3 - Why does a one-step growth curve differ in shape...Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by a viral titer?Ch. 8.4 - What is a plaque-forming unit?Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by the term plating efficiency?Ch. 8.4 - Describe the events that occur on an agar plate...Ch. 8.5 - How does attachment contribute to virushost...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.5 - What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion to...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.6 - Give one example each of T4 early, middle, and...Ch. 8.6 - What is required to package the T4 genome into its...Ch. 8.6 - Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase. How...Ch. 8.7 - What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?Ch. 8.7 - How does DNA replication in lambda differ from...Ch. 8.7 - What commits lambda to the lytic versus the...Ch. 8.7 - What enzyme is required to form a prophage, and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.8 - What is the difference between a persistent and a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.8 - Why can it be said that the retrovirus genome is...Ch. 8 - What causes the viral plaques that appear on a...Ch. 8 - The promoters on genes encoding early proteins in...Ch. 8 - Under some conditions, it is possible to obtain...
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- What are the functions of transcriptional activator proteins and repressor proteins? Explain how they work at the molecular level.arrow_forwardHow is epigenetic information similar to and different from genetic information? What attributes of epigenetic information make it critical for cellular differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes? asaparrow_forwardWhy would a translocation that put Ras behind the promoter region of the actin gene lead to the formation of an oncogene?arrow_forward
- Which of the events are special and only occur in prophase 1?arrow_forwardHow is the alternative splicing of Robo3 temporally regulated during midline crossing?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are ways in which transcriptional repressors can function in eukaryotes? (Mark all correct answers) Competition with an activator for binding to an enhancer Recruit co-repressors that prevent the RNA Pol II complex from binding the promoter Sequester activators outside of the nucleus Recruit co-repressors that cause heterochromatin formationarrow_forward
- How does histone acetyltransferase affect nucleosome structure and transcription?arrow_forward7. Progression from metaphase to anaphase in the cell cycle, and subsequent exit from anaphase, requires sequential events involving the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). APC is a multi- protein complex that has ubiquitin ligase activity (see pp. 611-612 in your textbook re: ubiquitin). When APC adds adds ubiquitin to a substrate protein, the protein is targeted for degradation by the proteasome. Two important substrates of APC are the proteins securin and cyclin B. Destruction of securin allows the separation of sister chromatids at the beginning of anaphase, whereas subsequent destruction of cyclin B allows cells to exit anaphase (see Figure 24-18 in your textbook). APC Cdh-1 Cdc20- Securin Mitotic cyclins Cohesin G1 Metaphase Anaphase For APC to bind specific substrates, it requires unique adaptor proteins that help it to recognize its substrates. The adaptor protein Cdc20 allows APC to recognize and ubiquitinate securin, while the adaptor Cdh-1 allows APC to recognize and…arrow_forwardWhat are general transcription factors? When do you expect to find them? What is a cis acting regulatory sequence? Where are they located in comparison with the gene they are regulating?arrow_forward
- A cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB, constantly being in its active conformation. When active, NF-kB stimulates the expression of cyclins that promote progression of the cell cycle, regardless of other conditions. As a result of this mutation, how would this cell's phenotype be affected by this mutation? A) This cell would have a cancer phenotype B) This cell would grow larger in size, but would never divide C) This cell would likely undergo apoptosis D) This cell would not duplicate its chromosomes .arrow_forwardThe MAT locus allows yeast to switch mating type through a very complex mechanism. However, it has informed us a great deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? Options: higher order changes in chromatin affect transcriptional efficiency that general transcription factors must first bind directly to histone tails and only then can they interact with their cognate binding sites that DNA methylation is involved in this silencing mechanism that SIR2 is required for all types of transcriptional repression that expression of Pol III genes provides a means of identifying active chromatinarrow_forwardWhat role does an operator sequence serve in bacterial gene expression regulation? Describe one change in bacterial cells that can cause a repressor protein to go from inactive to active or from active to inactive.arrow_forward
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