Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.4, Problem 1CR
Describe the events that occur on an agar plate containing a bacterial lawn when a single bacteriophage particle causes the formation of a bacteriophage plaque.
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Why must the top agar be supplemented with maltose?
A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to the E. Coli and aids in the infection process
B) Maltose helps stabilize the phage within the media
Which of the following is TRUE when one assay bacteriophage titers? You should:
a) first mix the phages with a live bacterial culture and then pour the mixture on the agar plate
b) directly add the phage dilution onto the surface of an agar plate
c) add tryptic soy broth to the phage dilution and incubate overnight
d) incubate a phage solution with live bacterial cells for several minutes. You must add soft agar to the mixture before pouring the content on the agar plate
In a petri dish with solidified agar with escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and staphylococcus aureus, you streak a loopfull of lytic T4-phage in a single line onto the center of the the dish, how do you know if bacteriophage infected the bacteria.
why didn't the bacteriophage infect all 3 bacteria?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - How does a virus differ from a cell?Ch. 8.1 - Why does a virus need a host cell?Ch. 8.1 - Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral...Ch. 8.1 - Once inside a host prokaryotic cell, what are the...Ch. 8.2 - Distinguish between a capsid and a capsomere. What...Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a naked virus and...Ch. 8.2 - What kinds of enzymes can be found within the...Ch. 8.2 - Where does the envelope surrounding animal viruses...Ch. 8.3 - What is packaged into capsids during maturation?Ch. 8.3 - Explain the term burst size.
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.3 - Why does a one-step growth curve differ in shape...Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by a viral titer?Ch. 8.4 - What is a plaque-forming unit?Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by the term plating efficiency?Ch. 8.4 - Describe the events that occur on an agar plate...Ch. 8.5 - How does attachment contribute to virushost...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.5 - What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion to...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.6 - Give one example each of T4 early, middle, and...Ch. 8.6 - What is required to package the T4 genome into its...Ch. 8.6 - Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase. How...Ch. 8.7 - What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?Ch. 8.7 - How does DNA replication in lambda differ from...Ch. 8.7 - What commits lambda to the lytic versus the...Ch. 8.7 - What enzyme is required to form a prophage, and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.8 - What is the difference between a persistent and a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.8 - Why can it be said that the retrovirus genome is...Ch. 8 - What causes the viral plaques that appear on a...Ch. 8 - The promoters on genes encoding early proteins in...Ch. 8 - Under some conditions, it is possible to obtain...
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- You are attempting to propagate bacteriophage of Bacillus cereus using a liquid batch culture. A growing culture of B. cereus is inoculated with your bacteriophage. The day before you tested the bacteria and the phage batch and they both behaved as expected. You made sure that all containers are labeled appropriately. Immediately after inoculation, you take a sample but are unable to detect any bacteriophage in the media. What is the most likely explanation? O You used the wrong bacteria or the wrong bacteriophage. There is an issue with the phage batch. O There is a problem with your bacterial culture of B. cereus. O It is too soon. The bacteriophages are still replicating and assembling inside the bacterial cells and are therefore not detectable in the growth media.arrow_forwardIn 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made an accidental discovery. He noticed that a fungus had contaminated one of the agar plates he had streaked with a bacterial species to be studied. The fungus prevented the bacteria from growing in the immediate area surrounding the fungus. Upon further investigation, Fleming found that the fungus produced a substance that was the agent responsible for killing the bacteria. He called this substance penicillin. Given this information, which statement best explains why Fleming's discovery is relevant to the general public today? O Fleming's attention to detail diverted his efforts to investigate bacteria and likely robbed humanity of important discoveries that he would have otherwise made. Fleming's sloppiness in the lab serves as a reminder to all researchers that sterile technique is critical to preventing unwanted fungal growth on bacterial plates. Fleming's discovery enabled the development of chemical substances as antibiotics to…arrow_forwardWhich of the statements is TRUE about conjugation? a) Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell b) It may only be performed by competent cells c) DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome d) It may be specialized or generalizedarrow_forward
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract in humans. The presence of this bacterium in the nose and throat is widespread in the population, and in most people, colonization with Strep. pneumoniae is asymptomatic. The figure attached shows a comparison of in vitro growth curves of the wild-type strain of Strep. pneumoniae, as well as a Strep. pneumoniae mutant strain with a defect in one bacterial gene. The graph on the right shows the growth curve following addition of lysozyme during the logarithmic phase of bacterial growth. Which statement could account for the data in these graphs? Strain B is wild-type Strep. pneumoniae, and strain A is a mutant that cannot modify its peptidoglycan to be lysozyme-resistant. Strain B is wild-type Strep. pneumoniae, and strain A is a mutant that that expresses increased levels of LPS. Strain A is wild-type Strep. pneumoniae, and strain B is a mutant that cannot modify its…arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the kinetics of phage infection followed by host lysis in bacteria. with examplesarrow_forwardEubacterial ribosomes can be inactivated by all of the following antibiotics except: chloramphenicol diphtheria toxin erythromycin streptomycin tetracyclinearrow_forward
- Transfection efficiency refers to a) total number of transfected cells per dish O b) total number of transfected cells per field of view total amount of plasmid DNA added per sample d) number of cells per 100 that have taken up plasmid DNAarrow_forwardIn conjugation of a Hfr cell with an F- cell: a) the container cell becomes F + b) The container cell remains F- c) The donor cell becomes F- d) The recipient cell becomes Hfrarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about a vector?a) Plasmids, phages can be used as vectorsb) All vectors are plasmidsc) Cyanobacteria can also be used as vectorsd) Fungi can also be used as vectorsarrow_forward
- When T4 phage isolated from E. coli strain B infect E. coli strain K, what will be the EOP (efficient of plating)? Explain why. Fe Varrow_forwardBefore development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds of bacterial meningi-tis cases during the first year of life but is still the number oneleading cause of mental retardation in patients who survive seri-ous disease due to permanent central nervous system disorders.What is the microorganism?(a) Haemophilus influenzae type B(b) Haemophilus influenzae type A(c) Neisseria meningitidis(d) Streptococcus pneumoniae(e) Listeria monocytogenesarrow_forwardYou take 10 ml of a stock solution, which is at a concentration of 1000 phage/ml, and dilute it to a total of 100 ml. From the resulting solution you take 5 ml and dilute it to 25 ml, and from the latter you take 5 ml and make a total of 20 ml. a) It will be possible to know how many bacteriophage particles there will be in 1 ml of the last solution b) What is the dilution factor in each step, in the same order in which the dilutions are made? c) What is the total serial dilution factor?arrow_forward
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