Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.99PAE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:To explainthe intermolecular forces between the pin and magnet which leads the pin to convert as a magnet upon run across the magnet number of times.
Concept introduction:The building blocks of any magnet are tiny magnets. On the context of magnetism an atom can be viewed as a tiny magnet, pointing to north direction. The motion of electrons i.e. movement of electric charge is the main reason to develop magnetism in a magnetic substance. Each magnetic domain consists of a cluster of number aligned atoms.
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A resident expert on electronegativity comes up to visit with you. He makes two claims (seen below) about electronegativity with relation to covalent bonding. Is the expert correct or can you refute him with your knowledge of electronegativity?
(a) If a diatomic molecule is made up of atoms X and Y, which have different electronegativities, the molecule must be polar.
(b) The farther two atoms are apart in a bond, the larger the dipole moment will be.
a) Calculate the coulombic attractive forces
between a pair of Nat and Cl- ions that just touch
each other. Assume their ionic radii to be
respectively 0.095 nm and 0.181 nm. What is the
repulsive force?
b) Calculate the net potential energy of this simple
ionic pair by using the equation 2.15 in the text
and take m = 9 for NaCl.
Group the following ions into one of two groups based on the ion size compared to itsrespective neutral parent atom: (1) larger ionic radiusthan neutral atom OR (2)smaller ionic radiusthan neutral atom.
Ions - Li, Be, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca
Explain BOTH of the two groupings based on the principles of attractive/repulsive forces between theelectron(s) and proton(s) and how those forces affect the distance between the nucleus and atom’s vsion’s valence electrons.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1COCh. 8 - • describe the arrangement of atoms in the common...Ch. 8 - • use bind theory to describe bonding in solids.Ch. 8 - Prob. 4COCh. 8 - Prob. 5COCh. 8 - Prob. 6COCh. 8 - Prob. 7COCh. 8 - • explain the connection between intermolecular...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9COCh. 8 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PAECh. 8 - Why is the C 60form of carbon called...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.4PAECh. 8 - What is the relationship between the structures of...Ch. 8 - Use the web to look up information on nanotubes....Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.8PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.9PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.10PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.11PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.12PAECh. 8 - 8.13 What is the coordination number of atoms in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.14PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.15PAECh. 8 - 8.16 Iridium forms a face-centered cubic lattice,...Ch. 8 - 8.17 Europium forms a body-centered cubic unit...Ch. 8 - 8.18 Manganese has a body-centered cubic unit cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.19PAECh. 8 - 8.20 How many electrons per atom are delocalized...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.21PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.22PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.23PAECh. 8 - 8.24 What is the key difference between metallic...Ch. 8 - 8.25 Draw a depiction of the band structure of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.26PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.27PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.28PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.29PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.30PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.31PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.32PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.33PAECh. 8 - Suppose that a device is using a 15.0-mg sample of...Ch. 8 - 8.35 What is an instantancous dipole?Ch. 8 - 8.36 Why are dispersion forces attractive?Ch. 8 - 8.37 If a molecule is not very polarizable, how...Ch. 8 - 8.38 What is the relationship between...Ch. 8 - 8.39 Under what circumstances are ion-dipole...Ch. 8 - 8.40 Which of the following compounds would be...Ch. 8 - 8.41 What is the specific feature of N, O, and F...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.42PAECh. 8 - 8.43 Identify the kinds of intermolecular forces...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.44PAECh. 8 - 8.45 Describe how interactions between molecules...Ch. 8 - 8.46 What makes a chemical compound volatile?Ch. 8 - 8.47 Answer each of the following questions with...Ch. 8 - 8.48 Why must the vapor pressure of a substance be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.49PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.50PAECh. 8 - 8.51 Suppose that three unknown pure substances...Ch. 8 - 8.52 Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.53PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.54PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.55PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.56PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.57PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.58PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.59PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.60PAECh. 8 - 8.61 Distinguish between a block copolymer and a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.62PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.63PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.64PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.65PAECh. 8 - 8.66 What structural characteristics are needed...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.67PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.68PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.69PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.70PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.71PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.72PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.73PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.74PAECh. 8 - 8.75 Using pentagons, draw arrangements that...Ch. 8 - 8.76 Using circles, draw regular two-dimensional...Ch. 8 - 8.77 What is the difference between a bonding...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.78PAECh. 8 - 8.79 Most gaseous compounds consist of small...Ch. 8 - 8.80 Why are dipole—dipole forces typically...Ch. 8 - 8.81 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a liquid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.82PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.83PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.84PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.85PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.86PAECh. 8 - 8.87 Use the vapor pressure curves illustrated...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.88PAECh. 8 - 8.89 The following data show the vapor pressure of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.90PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.91PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.92PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.93PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.94PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.95PAECh. 8 - 8.96 A business manager wants to provide a wider...Ch. 8 - 8.97 The doping of semiconductors can be done with...Ch. 8 - 8.98 If you know the density of material and the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.99PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.100PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.101PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.102PAECh. 8 - 8.103 Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is used in refining...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.105PAE
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- Why do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than cations?arrow_forwardHow is the concept of orbital overlap related to the wave nature of electrons?arrow_forwardConsider hypothetical elements X2 and Y2. Suppose the enthalpy of formation of the compound XY is – 84 kJ/mol, the bond energy for X2 is 105 kJ/mol, and the bond energy for Y2 is 58 kJ/mol. A)Estimate the XY bond energy, Ed, in units of kJ/mol. B)If the dissociation of a X-Y molecule were accomplished by the absorption of a single photon whose energy was exactly the quantity required, what would be its wavelength in nm? C)Would a green-light photon (λgreen=550 nm) be able to break the above X-Y bond? Explain.arrow_forward
- 7.74 In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded by eight negative ions. We might reason, therefore, that the lattice energy should be related to eight times the potential of interaction between these oppositely charged particles. Why is this reasoning too simpler?arrow_forwardn your own words, what is meant by the term electronegativity? What are the trends across and down the periodic table for electronegativity? Explain them, and describe how they are consistent with trends of ionization energy and atomic radii.arrow_forwardWhat aspect of the following Lewis structure indicates that the concept of coordinate covalency is needed to explain the bonding in the molecule?arrow_forward
- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardAcrolein is the starting material for certain plastics. (a) Which bonds in the molecule are polar and which are nonpolar? (b) Which is the most polar bond in the molecule? Which atom is the partial negative end of this bond?arrow_forward7.104 Hydrogen azide, HN3 , is a liquid that explodes violently when subjected to shock. In the HN3 molecule, one nitrogen—nitrogen bond length has been measured at 112 pm and the other at 124 pm. Draw a Lewis structure that accounts for these observations. Explain how your structure reflects these experimental facts.arrow_forward
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