Chapter 8, Problem 7CT

Summary Introduction

To answer:

Antisense RNA used to terminate translation of TACAATCGCATTGAA sequence.

Introduction:

In translation, m-RNA is converted into amino acid sequences, resulting in protein synthesis. Three important components are involved in translation are m-RNA, t-RNA, and the ribosome. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The mRNA sequence encoded by the genetic material is translated into a specific protein. The t-RNA binds to free amino acids and transfer them to the ribosome and the amino acids are added to the growing chain of the protein sequence. The ribosome reads m-RNA and synthesizes protein based on codons present in the m-RNA sequence. The ribosome binds to the anticodon of particular tRNA according to m-RNA sequence and assembles amino acids corresponding to mRNA codons. Three nucleotides of m-RNA sequence code for a single amino acid of the protein sequence is known as a codon. The twenty amino acids are represented by a different pattern of four nitrogenous bases is called as the genetic code. Sixty four (64) codons (different pattern of three nucleotides) encode 20 amino acids. Protein synthesis occurs in three steps which are initiation, elongation, and termination. AUG is the start codon, which initiates protein synthesis from m-RNA sequence, whereas, UAG, UGA, and UAA are stop codons which terminate protein synthesis.