Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321978271
Author: Robert Gould, Colleen N. Ryan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 48SE
Alpha By establishing a small value for the significance level, are we guarding against the first type of error (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true) or guarding against the second type of error?
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A type 1 error occurs when a treatment has an effect but the decision is to fail to reject the null hypothesis
In a statistical test, we have a choice of a left-tailed test, a right-tailed test, or a two-tailed test. Is it the null hypothesis or the alternate hypothesis that determines which type of test is used? Select the correct answer:
The alternative hypothesis because it specifies what the level of significance of the test will be.
The alternative hypothesis because it specifies the region of interest for the parameter in question.
The null hypothesis because it specifies the region of interest for the parameter in question.
The null hypothesis because it specifies what the level of significance of the test will be.
A researcher has observed 500 vehicles at a stop in a suburban neighborhood and recorded the type of vehicle (sedan, hatchback, bakkie) and driver behavior ar the stop sign (complete stop, near stop, "ran" tha stop sign). At the 0.05 level of significance, could there be some relationship between driver behavior and the type of vehicle being driven? Define the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers given. The null...Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers in each case. In...Ch. 8 - Boot Camp (Example 1) Suppose an experiment is...Ch. 8 - Scrubs A research hospital tries a new antibiotic...Ch. 8 - Magic A magician claims he can cause a coin to...Ch. 8 - Water A friend is tested to see whether he can...Ch. 8 - Heart Attack Prevention A new drug is being tested...Ch. 8 - Stroke Survival Rate The proportion of people who...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips (Example 2) A coin is flipped 30 times...Ch. 8 - Die Rolls You roll a six-sided die 30 times and...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11SECh. 8 - Multiple-Choice Test A teacher is giving an exam...Ch. 8 - Dropouts According to Time magazine (June 11,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14SECh. 8 - Boot Camp, Again (Example 4) Refer to Exercise...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16SECh. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi (Example 5) Suppose you are...Ch. 8 - St. Louis Jury Pool St. Louis County is 24 African...Ch. 8 - Coke vs. Pepsi (Example 6) Suppose you are testing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20SECh. 8 - Cheating? A professor creates two versions of a 20...Ch. 8 - Guessing A 20-question multiple choice quiz has...Ch. 8 - Dreaming (Example 7) A 2003 study of dreaming...Ch. 8 - Age Discrimination About 30 of the population in...Ch. 8 - Marriage Obsolete (Example 8) When asked whether...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26SECh. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi A taste test is done to see...Ch. 8 - Seat Belts Suppose we are testing people to see...Ch. 8 - Sleep Walking (Example 9) According to Time...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30SECh. 8 - Sleep Walking, Again (Example 10) According to...Ch. 8 - Women CEOs, Again the percentage of female CEOs in...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, indicate whether the...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, state whether the shaded...Ch. 8 - Gun Control Historically, the percentage of U.S....Ch. 8 - Death Penalty A Pew Poll in November 2011 showed...Ch. 8 - Prob. 37SECh. 8 - Plane Crashes According to one source, 50 of plane...Ch. 8 - Mercury in Freshwater Fish Some experts believe...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40SECh. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of ts Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of as Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - p-Values (Example 11) A researcher carried out a...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips A test is conducted in which a coin is...Ch. 8 - Errors with Pennies (Example 12) Suppose you are...Ch. 8 - Errors with Toast Suppose you are testing someone...Ch. 8 - Blackstone on Errors in Trials Sir William...Ch. 8 - Alpha By establishing a small value for the...Ch. 8 - Flaws (Example 13) A person spinning a 1962 penny...Ch. 8 - Flaws The null hypothesis on true/false tests is...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Effectiveness of Financial Incentives A...Ch. 8 - Is it acceptable practice to look at your research...Ch. 8 - If we reject the null hypothesis, can we claim to...Ch. 8 - If we do not reject the null hypothesis, is it...Ch. 8 - When a person stands trial for murder, the jury is...Ch. 8 - When, in a criminal court, a defendant is found...Ch. 8 - Arthritis A magazine advertisement claims that...Ch. 8 - No-Carb Diet A weight-loss diet claims that it...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 63SECh. 8 - Prob. 64SECh. 8 - Prob. 65SECh. 8 - Prob. 66SECh. 8 - Prob. 67SECh. 8 - Prob. 68SECh. 8 - Smiling and Gender (Example 15) In a 1997 study,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 70SECh. 8 - Prob. 71CRECh. 8 - Prob. 72CRECh. 8 - Choosing a Test and Giving the Hypotheses Give the...Ch. 8 - Choosing a Test and Naming the Population(s) In...Ch. 8 - Prob. 75CRECh. 8 - Butter Taste Test A man is tested to determine...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79CRECh. 8 - Coin Flips Suppose you tested 50 coins by flipping...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81CRECh. 8 - Prob. 82CRECh. 8 - Prob. 83CRECh. 8 - Weight Loss in Men Many polls have asked people...Ch. 8 - Prob. 85CRECh. 8 - Prob. 86CRECh. 8 - Prob. 87CRECh. 8 - Prob. 88CRECh. 8 - Wording of Polls A poll in California (done by the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90CRECh. 8 - Three-Strikes Law California’s controversial...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92CRECh. 8 - Prob. 93CRECh. 8 - Prob. 94CRECh. 8 - A friend claims he can predict the suit of a card...Ch. 8 - A friend claims he can predict how a six-sided die...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Judging on the basis of...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Refer to Exercise 8.97....Ch. 8 - Texting While Driving The mother of a teenager has...Ch. 8 - True/False Test A teacher giving a true/false test...Ch. 8 - ESP Suppose a friend says he can predict whether a...Ch. 8 - ESP Again Suppose a friend says he can predict...Ch. 8 - Does Hand Washing Save Lives? In the mid-1800s,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 104CRECh. 8 - Guessing on a True/False Test A true/false test...Ch. 8 - Guessing on a Multiple-Choice Test A...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardThe type II error is also known as false positive or false alarm. Wrongfully failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false true or falsearrow_forwardIf a null hypothesis is rejected at the 0.05 level of significance, it must be rejected at the 0.01 level. True or False?arrow_forward
- A researcher is interested in examining how exposure to natural light influences mood. She randomly assigns participants to sit in indirect sunlight for zero hours, one hour, or two hours each day for a month, and then compares their mood. What is the most appropriate test statistic to use to test the hypothesis What is the null hypothesis What is the alternative hypothesis What is the independent yariable What is the dependent variablearrow_forwardIn a statistical test, we have a choice of a left-tailed test, a right-tailed test, or a two-tailed test. Is it the null hypothesis or the alternate hypothesis that determines which type of test is used? Explain your answer. The alternative hypothesis because it specifies what the level of significance of the test will be. The null hypothesis because it specifies what the level of significance of the test will be. The null hypothesis because it specifies the region of interest for the parameter in question. The alternative hypothesis because it specifies the region of interest for the parameter in question.arrow_forwardWhen the treatment effect is small and you fail to reject the null when in actuality, there was a treatment effect, this is called a: Type II Error Type I Error Type III Error Type 0 Errorarrow_forward
- When is a researcher at risk of making a type 2 error? whenever H0 is rejected whenever H1 is rejected whenever H0 fails to reject the risk of a type 2 is independent of the decision from a hypothesis testarrow_forwardWhy is the phrase “goodness of t” used to describe the type of hypothesis test considered in this section?arrow_forwardPose a null and alternate hypothesis for a two sample t-test using variables: Male and Female, Asthma, number of injuries, or flu shot. Can any of the variables also be used to do a Chi square test or a NOVA test?arrow_forward
- Please help me find THE BEST CORRECT answerarrow_forwardIf the alternative hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states O alcohol does not affect short-term memory O alcohol decreases short-term memory alcohol does not decrease short-term memoryarrow_forwardA hypothesis test is conducted at the α = 0.05 significance level and the null hypothesis is not rejected. Would our conclusion change had the test been conducted at the α = 0.01 significance level? Yes, the null hypothesis would now be rejected. No, we would still not reject the null hypothesis. We cannot tell without the exact P-value.arrow_forward
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