Chapter 8, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The product formed in indicated reaction should be formulated and whether it is chiral and shows any optical activity or not should be determined.

  

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

  

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ , ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$ .

Optical activity refers to ability to rotate the plane polarized light. For example, if the light is passed through a substance and the light that emerges has radiations are confined to one plane only the substance is said to be optically active.

The earliest criteria for optical activity were presence of a chiral center. The chiral refer to species attached to four different substituents. Chiral center leads to existence of organic compounds as two enantiomeric forms. However chiral center alone is not sufficient condition for determination of optical activity.

The criteria to identify the optical activity are to look for absence of any symmetry element. The symmetry elements make any molecule optically inactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in indicated reaction should be formulated and whether it is chiral and shows any optical activity or not should be determined.

  

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

  

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ , ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$ .

Optical activity refers to ability to rotate the plane polarized light. For example, if the light is passed through a substance and the light that emerges has radiations are confined to one plane only the substance is said to be optically active.

The earliest criteria for optical activity were presence of a chiral center. The chiral refer to species attached to four different substituents. Chiral center leads to exists of organic compounds as two enantiomeric forms. However chiral center alone is not sufficient condition for determination of optical activity.

The criteria to identify the optical activity are to look for absence of any symmetry element. The symmetry elements make any molecule optically inactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in indicated reaction should be formulated and whether it is chiral and shows any optical activity or not should be determined.

  

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

  

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ , ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$ .

Optical activity refers to ability to rotate the plane polarized light. For example, if the light is passed through a substance and the light that emerges has radiations are confined to one plane only the substance is said to be optically active.

The earliest criteria for optical activity were presence of a chiral center. The chiral refer to species attached to four different substituents. Chiral center leads to exists of organic compounds as two enantiomeric forms. However chiral center alone is not sufficient condition for determination of optical activity.

The criteria to identify the optical activity are to look for absence of any symmetry element. The symmetry elements make any molecule optically inactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in indicated reaction should be formulated and whether it is chiral and shows any optical activity or not should be determined.

  

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

  

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ , ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$ .

Optical activity refers to ability to rotate the plane polarized light. For example, if the light is passed through a substance and the light that emerges has radiations are confined to one plane only the substance is said to be optically active.

The earliest criteria for optical activity were presence of a chiral center. The chiral refer to species attached to four different substituents. Chiral center leads to exists of organic compounds as two enantiomeric forms. However chiral center alone is not sufficient condition for determination of optical activity.

The criteria to identify the optical activity are to look for absence of any symmetry element. The symmetry elements make any molecule optically inactive.