CHEMISTRY THE CENTRAL SCIENCE >EBOOK<
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780136873891
Author: Brown
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 16E
- Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that occurs between Ca and F atoms.
- What is the chemical formula of the most likely product?
- How many electrons are transferred?
- Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?
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To a test tube containing 5.0 ml of 1.00 M NaOH at 27°C in a calorimeter, 5.0 ml of 2.00 M HNO3 at the same temperature was added, the heat generated by the reaction was monitored. Which of the following is TRUE?
a.Reaction is exothermic; solution will turn pink upon addition of phenolphthalein.
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26. When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200°C in a
closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction.
b) Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
c) Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium,
the entropy effect or the energy effect?
d) In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200°C? Explain.
e) Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift?
f) Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?
Chemical reactions occur when molecules or atoms collide, the bonds between atoms are broken, and new bonds are formed.
Breaking the bonds of the reactants requires energy; bond formation releases energy.
Which of the statements regarding energy changes during a reaction are true?
The activation energy (Ea) is the energy difference between the energy of the products and the energy of the reactants.
If the energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants, the reaction is exothermic.
Decreasing the temperature decreases the kinetic energy of the reactants, and the reaction goes more slowly.
Increasing the amount of reactants increases the number of collisions, and the reaction goes faster.
Reactants must collide, with proper orientation, with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy for a reaction
to occur.
The energy of a collision between atoms or molecules must be greater than or equal to the activation energy (Ea) for
bonds to be broken.
When the…
Chapter 8 Solutions
CHEMISTRY THE CENTRAL SCIENCE >EBOOK<
Ch. 8.2 - Which of the these elements is most likely to from...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.1.2PECh. 8.2 - Which of the following bond is the most polar? H-F...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2.2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.1PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.2PECh. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a....Ch. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is most polar: S-Cl,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.5.1PECh. 8.4 - The dipole moment of chlorine monofluoride,...
Ch. 8.5 - Which of the these molecules has a Lewis structure...Ch. 8.5 -
How many valence electrons should appear in the...Ch. 8.5 - Compare the lewis symbol for neon the structure...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.7.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.2PECh. 8.6 - Which of the statements about resonance is true?...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8.10.2PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.1PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.2PECh. 8 - Prob. 1DECh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - A portion of a two-dimensional "slab" of NaCl(s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Incomplete Lewis structures for the nitrous acid...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable...Ch. 8 - Consider the element silicon, Si. Write its...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for the element...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Using Lewis symbols, diagram the reaction between...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that...Ch. 8 - Predict the chemical formula of the ionic compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Is lattice energy usually endothermic or...Ch. 8 - NaCI and KF have the same crystal structure. The...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - Prob. 24ECh. 8 - Consider the ionic compounds KF, NaCl, NaBr, and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following trends in lattice energy is...Ch. 8 - Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Use data from Appendix C, Figure 7.10, and Figure...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols and Lewis structures to diagram...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - What is the trend in electronegativity going from...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - By referring only to the periodic table, select...Ch. 8 - which of the following bonds are polar? B-F,...Ch. 8 - Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - In the following pairs of binary compounds,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following: H2CO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58ECh. 8 - Prob. 59ECh. 8 - Prob. 60ECh. 8 - Prob. 61ECh. 8 - 8.62 For Group 3A-7A elements in the third row of...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64ECh. 8 - In the vapor phase, BeCl2exists as a discrete...Ch. 8 -
8.66
Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3,...Ch. 8 -
8.67 There are many Lewis structures you could...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68ECh. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for the following...Ch. 8 - State whether each of these statements is true or...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72ECh. 8 - Prob. 73ECh. 8 - Prob. 74ECh. 8 - Prob. 75ECh. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - A new compound is made that has a C-C bond length...Ch. 8 - A new compound is made that has an N-N bond length...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79AECh. 8 - Prob. 80AECh. 8 - An ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice...Ch. 8 - Prob. 82AECh. 8 - Prob. 83AECh. 8 - Prob. 84AECh. 8 - Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements 0,...Ch. 8 - The substance chlorine monoxide, CIO(g), is...Ch. 8 -
[8.87]
a. using the electronegativities of Br...Ch. 8 - Prob. 88AECh. 8 - Although I3- is a known ion, F3- is not. a. Draw...Ch. 8 - Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom...Ch. 8 - The hypochlorite ion, CIO- , is the active...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92AECh. 8 - a. Triazine, C3 H3N3, is like benzene except that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94IECh. 8 - Prob. 95IECh. 8 - Prob. 96IECh. 8 - Prob. 97IECh. 8 - Prob. 98IECh. 8 - Prob. 99IECh. 8 - Prob. 100IECh. 8 - Prob. 101IECh. 8 - Prob. 102IECh. 8 -
8.103 The compound chloral hydrate, known in...Ch. 8 - Barium azide is 62.04% Ba and 37.96% N. Each azide...Ch. 8 - Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106IECh. 8 - Prob. 107IECh. 8 -
8.108 Formic acid has the chemical formula...Ch. 8 - Prob. 109IECh. 8 - Prob. 110IE
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- The enthalpy change for the reaction of hydrogen gas with fluorine gas (o produce hydrogen fluoride is 542 U for the equation as written: mg src=Images/HTML_99425-10-41QAP_image001.jpg alt="" align="top"/> l type='a'> What is the enthalpy change per mole of hydrogen fluoride produced? Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic as written? What would be the enthalpy change for the reverse of the given equation (that 1%, for the decomposition of HF into its constituent elements)?arrow_forwardWhat is G for the following reaction? 2Br(aq)+Cl2(g)Br2(l)+2Cl(aq) Use data given in Table 19.1.arrow_forwardThe space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: 4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forward
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- The standard enthalpy of formation (AH) is the enthalpy change that occurs when exactly 1 mol of a compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions. The standard conditions are 1 atm pressure, a temperature of 25 °C, and all the species present at a concentration of 1 M.A "standard enthalpies of formation table" containing AH values might look something like this: Part A What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction used to calculate AH of BaCO, (s)? If fractional coefficients are required, enter them as a fraction (1.e. 1/3). Indicate the physical states using the abbreviation (s), (1), or (g) for solid, liquid, or gas, respectively without indicating allotrapes. Use (aq) for aqueous solution. Substance AH Express your answer as a chemical equation. H(g) 218 kJ/mol View Available Hint(s) H2(g) O kJ/mol Ba(s) OkJ/mol ΑΣφ Ba2+ (aq) -538.4 kJ /mol C(g) 71 kJ/mol C(s) O kJ/mol DA chemical reaction does not occur for this question. N(g) 473 kJ/mol O2(g)…arrow_forwardThe enthalpy change for the reaction of hydrogen gas with iodine to produce hydrogen iodide is 53.1 kJ for the equation as written: H₂(g) + I2 (s) → 2HI(g) AH = 53.1 kJ a. What is the enthalpy change per mole of hydrogen iodide produced? kJ/mol HI b. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic as written? exothermic O endothermic c. What would be the enthalpy change for the reverse of the given equation (that is, for the decomposition of HI into its constituent elements)? kJarrow_forwardIdentify what is being described in every item. 1. It refers to the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements. 2. It refers on how much energy has been transferred out or taken in during a chemical reaction. 3. It sums the changes in enthalpy for a series of intermediate reaction steps to find the overall change in enthalpy for a reaction. 4. It occurs when the energy of collision is enough to break reactant bonds and form product bonds. 5. It's is a type of catalyst that is widely used in industrial manufacture of chemicals. 6. It implies that the reaction takes place in solution, with the soluble catalyst also on solution.arrow_forward
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