For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained. Concept Introduction: Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group. Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond . Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction. Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction. Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it. Stability of carbocation: Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Answer 5

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 6

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 7

Chapter 7.9, Problem 30CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of compounds, solvolysis process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Stability of carbocation:

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

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