The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate. Concept Introduction: Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents. Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable. R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules. The CIP rules are as follows: 1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane. 2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S. 3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.

2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

SN2Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond making process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.

Rate = k [alkylhalide]×[nucleophile]

Structure of the substrate plays major role in SN2 reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of SN2 reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

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