Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 86AP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following table needs to be completed with respect to formation of precipitate:

CaCl2 Pb(NO3)2 (NH4)3PO4
Na2CO3
AgNO3
K2SO4

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

There are following solubility rules:

  1. The salts formed from sodium, potassium and ammonium ions are soluble in nature.
  2. All sulfate salts are soluble except CaSO4, PbSO4 and BaSO4
  3. All nitrate salts are soluble. The formula of nitrate polyatomic ion is NO3.
  4. All the salts formed from chloride, bromide and iodide are soluble except those with Pb2+ and Ag+.
  5. All sulfate salts are insoluble except Na2SO3, K2SO3 and (NH4)2SO3.
  6. All sulfides are insoluble except Na2S, K2S and (NH4)2S.
  7. All oxides and hydroxides are insoluble except Na2O /NaOH, K2O /KOH and BaO/Ba(OH)2.
  8. All carbonates are insoluble except Na2CO3, K2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 86AP

CaCl2 Pb(NO3)2 (NH4)3PO4
Na2CO3 CaCO3 PbCO3 No
AgNO3 AgCl No Ag3(PO4)2
K2SO4 CaSO4 PbSO4 No

Explanation of Solution

The explanation is as follows.

  • The balanced reaction of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 form the following compounds.

Na2CO3(aq)+CaCl2(aq)CaCO3(s)+2NaCl(aq)

In the above formed products, CaCO3 is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines which indicate all carbonates are insoluble except the salts of NH4+, K+andNa+.

  • The balanced reaction of Na2CO3 and Pb(NO3)2 is as follows.

Na2CO3(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)PbCO3(s)+2NaNO3(aq)

In the above formed products, we conclude that PbCO3 is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines which indicate all carbonates are insoluble except the salts of NH4+, K+andNa+.

  • The balanced reaction of Na2CO3 and (NH4)3PO4 is as follows.

3Na2CO3(aq)+2(NH4)3PO4(aq)2Na3PO4(aq)+(NH4)2CO3(aq)

The above formed products both are soluble in all conditions. Hence, there is no precipitate that would be formed in the reaction.

  • The balanced reaction of AgNO3 and CaCl2 is as follows.

AgNO3(aq)+CaCl2(aq)AgCl(s)+Ca(NO3)2(aq)

In the above formed products, we conclude that AgCl is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines which indicate all chlorides are soluble except the salts of AgCl, Hg2Cl2andPbCl2

  • The balanced reaction of AgNO3 and Pb(NO3)2 is as follows.

AgNO3(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)Noreaction

There are no characteristic solid products formed in the above reaction.

  • The balanced reaction of AgNO3 and (NH4)3PO4 is as follows.

3AgNO3(aq)+(NH4)3PO4(aq)Ag3PO4(s)+3NH4NO3(aq)

In the above formed products, we conclude that Ag3PO4 is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines which indicate all chlorides are soluble except the salts of AgCl, Hg2Cl2andPbCl2.

  • The balanced reaction of K2SO4 and CaCl2 is as follows.

K2SO4(aq)+CaCl2(aq)CaSO4(s)+2KCl(aq)

In the above formed products, we conclude that CaSO4 is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines.

  • The balanced reaction of K2SO4 and Pb(NO3)2 is as follows.

K2SO4(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)PbSO4(s)+2KNO3(aq)

In the above formed products, we conclude that PbSO4 is insoluble with reference to solubility guidelines.

  • The balanced reaction of AgNO3 and (NH4)3PO4 is as follows.

3K2SO4(aq)+2(NH4)3PO4(aq)2K3PO4(aq)+3(NH4)2SO4(aq)

There are no characteristic solid products formed in the above reaction.

Conclusion

Thus, the complete table is as follows:

CaCl2 Pb(NO3)2 (NH4)3PO4
Na2CO3 CaCO3 PbCO3 No
AgNO3 AgCl No Ag3(PO4)2
K2SO4 CaSO4 PbSO4 No

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

Ch. 7 - ixing an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 7 - se the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 7 - hy is the formation of a gas evidence of a...Ch. 7 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 7 - Look at Fig. 7.2 in the text. It is possible for a...Ch. 7 - What is the purpose of spectator ions? If they are...Ch. 7 - Which of the following must be an...Ch. 7 - If an element is a reactant or product in a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced formula and net ionic equation...Ch. 7 - hy is water an important solvent? Although you...Ch. 7 - hat is a “driving force”? What are some of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - escribe briefly what happens when an ionic...Ch. 7 - hen the ionic solute K3PO4is dissolved in water,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - ow do chemists know that the ions behave...Ch. 7 - uppose you are trying to help your friend...Ch. 7 - Using the general solubility rules given in Table...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Lead(II) nitrate is added to four separate beakers...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - For each of the following precipitation reactions,...Ch. 7 - A solution of zinc nitrate is mixed with a...Ch. 7 - What is a net ionic equation? What species are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Based on the general solubility rules given in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - Many chromate salts are insoluble, and most have...Ch. 7 - The procedures and principles of qualitative...Ch. 7 - Many plants are poisonous because their stems and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - What is meant by a strong acid? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - What is meant by a strong base? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - The same net ionic process takes place when any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - If 1000 NaOH units were dissolved in a sample of...Ch. 7 - What is a salt? Give two balanced chemical...Ch. 7 - Write balanced equations showing how three of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - What salt would form when each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Give an example of a simple chemical reaction that...Ch. 7 - What do we mean when we say that the transfer of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - If atoms of the metal calcium were to react with...Ch. 7 - If oxygen molecules, were to react with magnesium...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 7 - The reaction between ammonium perchlorate and...Ch. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 7 - What is a synthesis or combination reaction? Give...Ch. 7 - What is a decomposition reaction? Give an example....Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 62QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 66QAPCh. 7 - Distinguish between the molecular equation, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 68APCh. 7 - Without first writing a full molecular or ionic...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 71APCh. 7 - Prob. 72APCh. 7 - Prob. 73APCh. 7 - Prob. 74APCh. 7 - For each of the following unbalanced molecular...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - What strong acid and what strong base would react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78APCh. 7 - For the reaction 16Fe(s)+3S8(s)8Fe2S3(s), show how...Ch. 7 - Prob. 80APCh. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements is/are true...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83APCh. 7 - Prob. 84APCh. 7 - Prob. 85APCh. 7 - Prob. 86APCh. 7 - Prob. 87APCh. 7 - For each of the following metals, how many...Ch. 7 - For each of the following nonmetals, how many...Ch. 7 - True or false? When solutions of barium hydroxide...Ch. 7 - Classify the reactions represented by the...Ch. 7 - When a sodium chromate solution and aluminum...Ch. 7 - Prob. 93APCh. 7 - Consider a solution with the following ions...Ch. 7 - Prob. 95APCh. 7 - For the following chemical reactions, determine...Ch. 7 - Prob. 97CPCh. 7 - hat kind of visual evidence indicates that a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CRCh. 7 - Prob. 3CRCh. 7 - Prob. 4CRCh. 7 - hat is meant by the driving force for a reaction?...Ch. 7 - xplain to your friend what chemists mean by a...Ch. 7 - efine the term strong electrolyte. What types of...Ch. 7 - ummarize the simple solubility rules for ionic...Ch. 7 - n general terms, what are the spectator ions in a...Ch. 7 - Describe some physical and chemical properties of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CRCh. 7 - What do we call reactions in which electrons are...Ch. 7 - What is a combustion reaction? Are combustion...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CRCh. 7 - List and define all the ways of classifying...Ch. 7 - The element carbon undergoes many inorganic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CRCh. 7 - The reagent shelf in a general chemistry lab...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19CRCh. 7 - Prob. 20CRCh. 7 - Prob. 21CRCh. 7 - Prob. 22CRCh. 7 - Using the general solubility rules discussed in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25CR
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