Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 1ALQ

onsider the mixing of aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and sodium iodide to form a solid.

. Name the possible products, and determine the formulas of these possible products.

. What is the precipitate? How do you know?

. Must the subscript for an ion in a reactant stay the same as the subscript of that ion in a product? Explain your answer.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To write the name of product and formula of product when lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions are mixed.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

2 PbS +  3 O22PbO +  2SO2  Reactants            Products

In balanced chemical equation the numbers of atoms of each element on each side means product as well reactants of reaction are always equal. Calculate the number of atoms of reactants and products as follows:

Element                  Reactants                         Products  _     Pb                                 2                                    2S                                   2                                    2O                                  6                                    6

In the given reaction, the number of all atoms, on the both sides are equal hence this is a balance reaction.

The most common driving forces which create product in chemical reactions are as follows:

  1. Formation of a solid.
  2. Formation of water.
  3. Transfer of electrons.
  4. Formation of gas.

Answer to Problem 1ALQ

Lead iodide PbI2 and sodium nitrate NaNO3 .

Explanation of Solution

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction.

The name of product and formula of product when lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions is as follows:

Pb(NO3)2 (aq)+ 2 NaI(aq)PbI2 (s)+NaNO3 (aq).

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The precipitate formed on mixing of lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

There are following solubility rules:

  1. The salts formed from sodium, potassium and ammonium ions are soluble in nature.

All sulfate salts are soluble except CaSO4, PbSO4 and BaSO4

All nitrate salts are soluble. The formula of nitrate polyatomic ion is NO3.

All the salts formed from chloride, bromide and iodide are soluble except those with Pb2+ and Ag+.

All sulfate salts are insoluble except Na2SO3, K2SO3 and (NH4)2SO3.

All sulfides are insoluble except Na2S, K2S and (NH4)2S.

All oxides and hydroxides are insoluble except Na2O /NaOH, K2O /KOH and BaO/Ba(OH)2.

All carbonates are insoluble except Na2CO3, K2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3.

Answer to Problem 1ALQ

PbI2.

Explanation of Solution

According to rule, all the salts formed from chloride, bromide and iodide are soluble except those with Pb2+ and Ag+.

When lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions are mixed then lead iodide, a solid is formed as precipitate.

Pb(NO3)2 (aq)+ 2 NaI(aq)PbI2(s) +NaNO3 (aq)

Therefore, precipitate formed is PbI2.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

When lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions are mixed then why the subscript for an ion in both side reactant and product stay same should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular equation:

The equation which shows all of reactants and products in molecular or un-dissociated form is known as Molecular equation. For example, the Molecular equation of solutions of potassium bromide and silver nitrate is as follows:

KBr (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) KNO3 (aq) + AgBr (s)

Complete ionic equation:

In the complete ionic equation, the strong electrolytes indicate by as ions. For example, the complete ionic equation of solutions of potassium bromide and silver nitrate is following

K(aq)+Br(aq)+Ag+(aq)+NO3 (aq)K+ (aq)+NO3 (aq)+AgBr (s)                                           

Net ionic equation:

In the net ionic equation there is no any spectator ion, only those species or ions which undergoes change is present called net ionic equation. For example, the net ionic equation of solutions of potassium bromide and silver nitrate is following:

 Br (aq) + Ag+(aq) AgBr (s).

Answer to Problem 1ALQ

To balance the number of atoms and charge.

Explanation of Solution

When lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 (aq) and sodium iodide, NaI (aq) solutions are mixed then the subscript for an ion in both side reactant and product stay same to balance the charge. The reaction is as follows:

Pb(NO3)2 (aq)+ 2 NaI(aq)PbI2 (s)+2 NaNO3 (aq)

For the above reaction, the complete ionic equation can be written as follows:

Pb2+ (aq)+2NO3+ (aq) + 2 Na+(aq)+ 2 I(aq)PbI2 (s)++2NO3+ (aq) + 2 Na+(aq)

Here, subscript of each ions on left side are equal to the subscript of the same ion on right side to balance the number of atoms and charge on both side of the reaction arrow.

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06:04

Chapter 7 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

Ch. 7 - ixing an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 7 - se the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 7 - hy is the formation of a gas evidence of a...Ch. 7 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 7 - Look at Fig. 7.2 in the text. It is possible for a...Ch. 7 - What is the purpose of spectator ions? If they are...Ch. 7 - Which of the following must be an...Ch. 7 - If an element is a reactant or product in a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced formula and net ionic equation...Ch. 7 - hy is water an important solvent? Although you...Ch. 7 - hat is a “driving force”? What are some of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - escribe briefly what happens when an ionic...Ch. 7 - hen the ionic solute K3PO4is dissolved in water,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - ow do chemists know that the ions behave...Ch. 7 - uppose you are trying to help your friend...Ch. 7 - Using the general solubility rules given in Table...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Lead(II) nitrate is added to four separate beakers...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - For each of the following precipitation reactions,...Ch. 7 - A solution of zinc nitrate is mixed with a...Ch. 7 - What is a net ionic equation? What species are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Based on the general solubility rules given in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - Many chromate salts are insoluble, and most have...Ch. 7 - The procedures and principles of qualitative...Ch. 7 - Many plants are poisonous because their stems and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - What is meant by a strong acid? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - What is meant by a strong base? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - The same net ionic process takes place when any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - If 1000 NaOH units were dissolved in a sample of...Ch. 7 - What is a salt? Give two balanced chemical...Ch. 7 - Write balanced equations showing how three of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - What salt would form when each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Give an example of a simple chemical reaction that...Ch. 7 - What do we mean when we say that the transfer of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - If atoms of the metal calcium were to react with...Ch. 7 - If oxygen molecules, were to react with magnesium...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 7 - The reaction between ammonium perchlorate and...Ch. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 7 - What is a synthesis or combination reaction? Give...Ch. 7 - What is a decomposition reaction? Give an example....Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 62QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 66QAPCh. 7 - Distinguish between the molecular equation, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 68APCh. 7 - Without first writing a full molecular or ionic...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 71APCh. 7 - Prob. 72APCh. 7 - Prob. 73APCh. 7 - Prob. 74APCh. 7 - For each of the following unbalanced molecular...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - What strong acid and what strong base would react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78APCh. 7 - For the reaction 16Fe(s)+3S8(s)8Fe2S3(s), show how...Ch. 7 - Prob. 80APCh. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements is/are true...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83APCh. 7 - Prob. 84APCh. 7 - Prob. 85APCh. 7 - Prob. 86APCh. 7 - Prob. 87APCh. 7 - For each of the following metals, how many...Ch. 7 - For each of the following nonmetals, how many...Ch. 7 - True or false? When solutions of barium hydroxide...Ch. 7 - Classify the reactions represented by the...Ch. 7 - When a sodium chromate solution and aluminum...Ch. 7 - Prob. 93APCh. 7 - Consider a solution with the following ions...Ch. 7 - Prob. 95APCh. 7 - For the following chemical reactions, determine...Ch. 7 - Prob. 97CPCh. 7 - hat kind of visual evidence indicates that a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CRCh. 7 - Prob. 3CRCh. 7 - Prob. 4CRCh. 7 - hat is meant by the driving force for a reaction?...Ch. 7 - xplain to your friend what chemists mean by a...Ch. 7 - efine the term strong electrolyte. What types of...Ch. 7 - ummarize the simple solubility rules for ionic...Ch. 7 - n general terms, what are the spectator ions in a...Ch. 7 - Describe some physical and chemical properties of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CRCh. 7 - What do we call reactions in which electrons are...Ch. 7 - What is a combustion reaction? Are combustion...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CRCh. 7 - List and define all the ways of classifying...Ch. 7 - The element carbon undergoes many inorganic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CRCh. 7 - The reagent shelf in a general chemistry lab...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19CRCh. 7 - Prob. 20CRCh. 7 - Prob. 21CRCh. 7 - Prob. 22CRCh. 7 - Using the general solubility rules discussed in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25CR
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