Chapter 7, Problem 40QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base:

$\_\_\_\_\_+\_\_\_\_\_\_\to {\text{K}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{ 2 }{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

Concept Introduction:

Electrolytes are the substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity

The strong bases have following properties:

1. In solution, strong bases ionize fully.
2. For strong bases the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ ) is large.

The strong acids have following properties:

1. In solution, strong acids ionize fully.
2. For strong acids the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ ) is large.

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 40QAP

The complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}}(aq)\to {\text{K}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{ 2 }{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Explanation of Solution

All strong acid and strong bases are the example of strong electrolytes while all weak acid and weak bases behaves weak electrolytes.

The strong bases are also strong electrolytes because they are fully ionize in the solution for example sodium hydroxide

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }\text{N}{\text{a}}^{+}+\text{O}{\text{H}}^{-}$

All strong acids are fully ionize thus they are strong electrolytes. For example hydrochloric acid:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}+\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$

The net ionic process or equation of any strong acid with strong base will from salt and water because both strong acids and bases present as fully ionize form in both sides for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

In the given reaction salt is potassium sulphate which will form from the reaction of strong acid sulphuric acid, ${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4$ and strong base potassium hydroxide, $\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}}(aq)\to {\text{K}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{ 2 }{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base:

$\begin{array}{l}\_\_\_\_\_+\_\_\_\_\_\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Electrolytes are the substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity

The strong bases have following properties:

1. In solution, strong bases ionize fully.

For strong bases the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ ) is large.

The strong acids have following properties:

1. In solution, strong acids ionize fully.

For strong acids the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ ) is large.

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 40QAP

The complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Explanation of Solution

All strong acid and strong bases are the example of strong electrolytes while all weak acid and weak bases behaves weak electrolytes.

The strong bases are also strong electrolytes because they are fully ionize in the solution for example sodium hydroxide

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }\text{N}{\text{a}}^{+}+\text{O}{\text{H}}^{-}$

All strong acids are fully ionize thus they are strong electrolytes. For example hydrochloric acid:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}+\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$

The net ionic process or equation of any strong acid with strong base will from salt and water because both strong acids and bases present as fully ionize form in both sides for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

In the given reaction salt is Sodium nitrate which will form from the reaction of strong acid nitric acid, $\text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3$ and strong base sodium hydroxide, $\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base:

$\text{\_\_\_\_\_\_ }+\_\_\_\_\_\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{ 2}{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

Concept Introduction:

Electrolytes are the substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity.

The strong bases have following properties:

1. In solution, strong bases ionize fully.

For strong bases the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ ) is large.

The strong acids have following properties:

1. In solution, strong acids ionize fully.

For strong acids the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ ) is large.

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 40QAP

The complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{C}\text{a}(\text{O}\text{H}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{ 2}{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Explanation of Solution

All strong acid and strong bases are the example of strong electrolytes while all weak acid and weak bases behaves weak electrolytes.

The strong bases are also strong electrolytes because they are fully ionize in the solution for example sodium hydroxide

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }\text{N}{\text{a}}^{+}+\text{O}{\text{H}}^{-}$

All strong acids are fully ionize thus they are strong electrolytes. For example hydrochloric acid:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}+\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$

The net ionic process or equation of any strong acid with strong base will from salt and water because both strong acids and bases present as fully ionize form in both sides for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

In the given reaction salt is calcium chloride which will form from the reaction of strong acid hydrochloric acid, $\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}$ and strong base calcium hydroxide, $\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{C}\text{a}(\text{O}\text{H}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{ 2}{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base:

$\text{\_\_\_\_\_ }+\_\_\_\_\_\to \text{B}\text{a}{(\text{C}\text{l}{\text{O}}_4)}_2(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

Concept Introduction:

Electrolytes are the substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity

The strong bases have following properties:

1. In solution, strong bases ionize fully.

For strong bases the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ ) is large.

The strong acids have following properties:

1. In solution, strong acids ionize fully.

For strong acids the value of equilibrium constant ( ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ ) is large.

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 40QAP

The complete the acid −base reaction by written missing strong acid and strong base is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}{\text{O}}_4}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{B}\text{a}(\text{O}\text{H}}{)}_2(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}{(}_{\text{C}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.

Explanation of Solution

All strong acid and strong bases are the example of strong electrolytes while all weak acid and weak bases behaves weak electrolytes.

The strong bases are also strong electrolytes because they are fully ionize in the solution for example sodium hydroxide

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }\text{N}{\text{a}}^{+}+\text{O}{\text{H}}^{-}$

All strong acids are fully ionize thus they are strong electrolytes. For example hydrochloric acid:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}+\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$

The net ionic process or equation of any strong acid with strong base will from salt and water because both strong acids and bases present as fully ionize form in both sides for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

In the given reaction salt is barium per chlorate which will form from the reaction of strong acid Perchloric acid, $\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}{\text{O}}_4$ and strong base barium hydroxide, $\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\rightharpoondown }{2\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}{\text{O}}_4}(aq)+\underset{\rightharpoondown }{\text{B}\text{a}(\text{O}\text{H}}{)}_2(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}{(}_{\text{C}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt water}\end{array}$.