ELEM.PRIN.OF CHEM.PROCESS-ACCESS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119099918
Author: FELDER
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7.43P
The following diagram shows a simpli?ed version of how a refrigerator works:
In a liquid receiver 1, a liquid refrigerant (any one of a number of halogenated hydrocarbons such as CCl2F3) is contained at high pressure and temperature. The liquid passes through an expansion valve 2, where it ?ashes to a low pressure, cooling to its boiling point at this pressure and partially evaporating. The liquid—vap0r mixture passes though an evaporator coil 3. Air from the food storage area circulates over the coil, and the heat absorbed by the evaporating refrigerant in the coil causes the air to cool. The cold refrigerant vapor emerging from the coil passes to a compressor 4, where it is brought back to a high pressure and in the process is raised to a high temperature. The hot vapor then passes through a condenser 5, where it is cooled and condensed at constant pressure. The air that absorbs the heat given up by the condensing ?uid is discharged outside the refrigerator, and the lique?ed refrigerant returns to the liquid receiver.
Suppose Refrigerant R−12 (the standard name for CCI2F2 undergoes this cycle at a circulation rate of 40 lbm/min, with the temperatures and pressures at the different points of the cycle being those shown on the ?ow diagram.
Saturated Fluid: 
Superheated Vapor: 
(a) Suppose the expansion valve operates adiabatically and 
is negligible. Use an energy balance about the valve to calculate the fraction of the refrigerant that evaporates in this stage of the process.
(b) Calculate the rate in Btu/min at which heat is transferred to the refrigerant that evaporates in the coil. (This is the useful cooling done in the system.)
(e) lf the heat loss in the condenser is 2500 Btu/min, how much horsepower must the compressor deliver to the system? (Use an overall energy balance to solve this problem.)
(d) You have just given a “What do engineers do?" talk at a middle-school career day, and one of the students in the audience asks if you can explain how a refrigerator works. Try to do it in terms that a bright l2-year-old student could understand.
(e) The manufacture of R−12 in the United States was banned as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Why?
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An 8-foot ion exchange bed needs to be backwashed with water to remove impurities. The particles have a density of 1.24 g/cm³ and an average size of 1.1 mm.
Calculate:
a. The minimum fluidization velocity using water at 30°C?
b. The velocity required to expand the bed by 30%?
Assumptions: The ion exchange bed particles are spherical (sphericity = 1.1), and the minimum fluidization porosity (ɛM) is 0.3.
Notes:
At 30°C, the viscosity (μ) of water is 0.797 cP, and the density (ρ) is 0.995 g/cm³.
fluidized bed reactor uses a solid catalyst with a particle diameter of 0.25 mm, a bulk density of 1.50 g/mL, and a sphericity of 0.90. Under packed bed conditions, the porosity is 0.35, and the bed height is 2 m. The gas enters from the bottom of the reactor at a temperature of 600°C, with a viscosity of 0.025 cP and a density of 0.22 lb/ft³. At minimum fluidization, the porosity reaches 0.45.
Calculate:
a. The minimum superficial velocity (VM) of the gas entering the fluidized column.
b. The bed height if V = 2 VM
c. The pressure drop under conditions where V =2.5 VM
A fluidized bed reactor uses a solid catalyst with a particle diameter of 0.25 mm, a bulk density of 1.50 g/mL, and a sphericity of 0.90. Under packed bed conditions, the porosity is 0.35, and the bed height is 2 m. The gas enters from the bottom of the reactor at a temperature of 600°C, with a viscosity of 0.025 cP and a density of 0.22 lb/ft³. At minimum fluidization, the porosity reaches 0.45.
Calculate:
a. The minimum superficial velocity (VM) of the gas entering the fluidized column.
b. The bed height if V = 2 VM
c. The pressure drop under conditions where V =2.5 VM
Chapter 7 Solutions
ELEM.PRIN.OF CHEM.PROCESS-ACCESS
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